Market Share Of The Major Hotels In India

Market Share Of The Major Hotels In India The hospitality industry of india is expected to grow at a rate of 8.8% from 2007-16, placing India the second-fastest growing tourism market in the world. Progress like massive investment in hotel infrastructure and open sky policies which are made by the government are all aimed at propelling growth in the hospitality sector. Hotel and hospitality industries are the biggest employment generators in the country. Towards helping its growth, the government should confer infrastructure status to the hotel industries, several taxation issues also need to be rationalised. Further permits and licenses which are required for the hotel operations needs to be rationalised by offering a single window mechanism. The hotel industry is divided into 4 categories: Large hotels Medium hotels Resort hotels Small hotels MARKET SHARE OF THE MAJOR HOTELS IN INDIA: TIE -UPS OF INDIAN HOTELS WITH INTERNATIONAL HOTELS: Most players, exempting of IHCL and EIH, have entered into marketing Tie-up with major international hotel chains. Thus we have Hyatt Regency which are tied up with AHL, Leela tied up with Kempinski and ITCH having a franchisee agreement with ITT Sheraton. For the Indian hotel owners and international hotel chains the benefit is mutual, Tie-up with an international hotel chain will put the hotel on the global map. Associations with international brand play a major role in image building and attracting foreign tourists. However value of the international brand will get diluted if a foreign entity enters an agreement with several Indian companies. MARKET SHARE OF TARIFF PLANS BY DIFFERENT HOTELS Luxury hotels operate under single tariff structure whereby the foreign tourists are charged in dollar terms whereas the domestic guest is charged the equivalent amount in rupees. The luxury hotels earn about two-thirds of their revenue from foreign tourists. Leisure travellers constitute approximately 76.5% of the total tourist arrivals whereas business travellers constitute 21% of the total arrivals. The remainder is accounted by students. Hotels benefit from rupee depreciation as over 60% of revenues in the luxury hotel Segment is in foreign currencies. Thus any depreciation of the rupee goes directly to the bottom line (FOREX income is also fully tax exempt), as none of the costs are directly linked to the exchange rate. The hotel debt environment is also improving. While many countries are hampered by a still sluggish economy, those with a low interest rate environment with relatively stable-banking conditions will provide opportunities for hotel investors to raise capital. For hotel lenders, from a risk/return basis, there has never been a better time to provide new capital to this industry in India. CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS ECONOMY The hotel and restaurant industry of India was Rs. 658.89 billion during 2007-08. Travel Tourism Industry of India was valued at US$35.73 billion in 2007, contributing 3.56% to Indias GDP. The number of foreign tourists arriving to India reached 5.08 million compared with 4.45 million in the year 2006, showing growth of 14.16%. Indias share in international tourist arrivals at global level gradually improved from 0.46% in 2004 to 0.49% in 2005 and further to 0.52% in 2006 and 0.56% in 2007. The number of domestic tourists in India was 526.57 million compared with 461.76 Million in 2006, showing growth of 14.03%. There are 1,437 hotels approved and Classified by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, with a total capacity of 84,327 hotel rooms as on December 31, 2007. Indian hotel industry is currently adding about 60,000 quality rooms, which are expected to be ready by 2012. INTERNATIONAL TOURIST CONTRIBUTION IN INDIA The foreign tourist arrivals in India increased at CAGR of 5.5per cent from 2.29 Million in 1996 to 3.92 million in 2005. Significantly, the bulk of international arrivals into India, both in 2004 and 2005, have been business travellers. Main reason for this increase has been following fundamental factors: Indias strong GDP growth. Opening of sectors of the economy to private sector/ foreign investment. Strengthening of ties with the developed world. Reforms in aviation sector which led to better connectivity with many countries (such as ASEAN) and created additional capacity on existing routes (for e.g. USA, Middle East). Also, introduction of low cost airlines also contributed to the demand. The increase in International flights, seat capacity and frequency into the country and the decision to allow private airlines like Jet Airways and Air Sahara to fly overseas has had a positive impact on tourist and business arrivals into India, by way of providing additional seats. 3.1.2 NATURE OF COMPETITION: It is the most competitive market .Business travelers drive over 70 per cent of the Indian hospitality business and the race to accommodate them, and do it well, is hotting up. But with current demand outstripping supply, hotels in the big cities have managed to up their rates to match those in Paris and London. The major competition comes from the other companies in the same sector .so the rivals are to be found and make their primary and secondary strategies which makes the company competitive in the market. There are also pricing strategies which play fewer roles in competitive market and should think of the non pricing strategies which can be more competitive in the market. The pricing of a hotel like this one is done on system called rate of the day based on demand. As the rooms get taken the price goes up and on a busy day a room like this one in Mumbai or Delhi will cost as much as you would have to pay for one in Paris or London. Adding more facilities to the five star rated hotels like Wi-Fi, spas, gyms, online booking etc. to maintain their guest loyalties which give competitive advantage to its company. To become competitive in the market the flexible pricing is the key. Some suggested steps to realign rates and segments to the changed market place; gain control of business; and increase profitability are: Create an online booking presence. Ensure that the hotels online booking engine is part of the hotels web site, and controlled by the hotel, not by a third party or GDS-based system. Ensure that the online booking engine is the best and accomplishes the hotels goals. Ensure that the online booking engine is easy to use from a customers perspective. Expertly create and maintain an online distribution and maximization strategy to ensure the hotels visibility. Promote and ensure that the lowest published rates are on the hotels own web site, to promote customer loyalty, as done with the airlines. Establish a new market segmentation model, for greater control of the business. Eliminate RACK RATE and replace with SELL RATE, defined as Rack, Promotional, Consortia, and any other customer not affiliated with any discount. A simplified sample version is: Sell Rate Corporate Rate Group Rate Weekend Rate Establish the Sell Rate based on anticipated demand patterns, after the core business and group blocks are factored in. The rate fluctuates on a daily basis. Set rates in all market segments within the range of your competitive set to establish positioning. TAJ GROUP OF HOTELS: A Tata company shall fully strive for the establishment and support of a competitive, open market economy in India and abroad, and shall cooperate in efforts to promote the progressive and judicious liberalisation of trade and investment by a country. Specifically, a Tata company shall not engage in activities that generate or support the formation of monopolies, dominant market positions, cartels and similar unfair trade practices. A Tata company shall market its products and services on its own merits and shall not make unfair and misleading statements about competitors products and services. Any collection of competitive information shall be made only in the normal course of business and shall be obtained only through legally permitted sources and means. Direct Competitors: Oberoi Hotels Oriental Hotels ITC Welcomgroup Hotel Leela etc. Potential Target market : The upper class of the society is targeted. i.e. the richer people in the society. Their fares or tariffs are high as the luxuries provided by them are also standard and 5-star. Thus, this is in context to the Indian branches of Taj Hotels. OBEROI GROUP OF HOTELS (EAST INDIA HOTELS LTD.): Team Street is out with an investment idea that could help the portfolio in the current market conditions. The recent correction in the market has been sharp as the benchmark index or the Sensex has given up more than 7 percent from a recent high of 21,108. OBEROI PROPERTIES RECOGNITION INTERNATIONALLY: The Oberoi Vanyavilas, Ranthambore Rated the 2nd best resort in Asia Rated the 2nd best hotel in the World The Oberoi Udaivilas, Udaipur Rated the best hotel in Asia Rated 4th best hotel in the World The Oberoi Amarvilas. Agra Rated the 2nd best hotel in Asia Rated the 8th best hotel in the World The Oberoi Rajvilas, Jaipur Rated the 5th best hotel in Asia Rated amongst the top 25 hotels in the World Wildflower Hall, Shimla in the Himalayas Rated the 5th best resort in Asia The Oberoi Rajvilas, Jaipur Rated No.1 hotel in Asia Rated 2nd best hotel in the World The Oberoi Udaivilas, Udaipur Rated No. 2 hotel in Asia Rated 4th best hotel in the World The Oberoi Amarvilas. Agra Rated No. 3 hotel in Asia Rated 6th best hotel in the World 3.1.3 SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS: 1. Natural and cultural diversity: India has a rich cultural heritage. The unity in diversity tag attracts most tourists. The coastlines, sunny beaches, backwaters of Kerala, snow capped Himalayas and the quiescent lakes are incredible. 2. Demand-supply gap: Indian hotel industry is facing a mismatch between the demand and supply of rooms leading to higher room rates and occupancy levels. With the privilege of hosting Commonwealth Games 2010 there is more demand of rooms in five star hotels. This has led to the rapid expansion of the sector. 3. Government support: The government has realized the importance of tourism and has proposed a budget of Rs. 540 crore for the development of the industry. The priority is being given to the development of the infrastructure and of new tourist destinations and circuits. The Department of Tourism (DOT) has already started the Incredible India campaign for the promotion of tourism in India. 4. Increase in the market share: Indias share in international tourism and hospitality market is expected to increase over the long-term. New budget and star hotels are being established. Moreover, foreign hospitality players are heading towards Indian markets. WEAKNESSES: 1.Poor support infrastructure: Though the government is taking necessary steps, many more things need to be done to improve the infrastructure. In 2003, the total expenditure made in this regard was US $150 billion in China compared to US$ 21 billion in India. 2. Slow implementation: The lack of adequate recognition for the tourism industry has been hampering its growth prospects. Whatever steps are being taken by the government are implemented at a slower pace. 3. Susceptible to political events: The internal security scenario and social unrest also hamper the foreign tourist arrival rates. OPPORTUNITIES: 1.Rising income: Owing to the rise in income levels, Indians have more spare money to spend, which is expected to enhance leisure tourism. 2. Open sky benefits: With the open sky policy, the travel and tourism industry has seen an increase in business. Increased airline activity has stimulated demand and has helped improve the infrastructure. It has benefited both international and domestic travels. THREATS: 1. Fluctuations in international tourist arrivals: The total dependency on foreign tourists can be risky, as there are wide fluctuations in international tourism. Domestic tourism needs to be given equal importance and measures should be taken to promote it. 2. Increasing competition: Several international majors like the Four Seasons, Shangri-La and Aman Resorts are entering the Indian markets. Two other groups the Carlson Group and the Marriott chain are also looking forward to join this race. This will increase the competition for the existing Indian hotel majors. CHALLENGES FOR HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY 1. Shortage of skilled employees: One of the greatest challenges plaguing the hospitality industry is the unavailability of quality workforce in different skill levels. The hospitality industry has failed to retain good professionals. 2. Retaining quality workforce: Retention of the workforce through training and development in the hotel industry is a problem and attrition levels are too high. One of the reasons for this is unattractive wage packages. Though there is boom in the service sector, most of the hotel management graduates are joining other sectors like retail and aviation. 3. Shortage of rooms: The hotel industry is facing heavy shortage of rooms. It is estimated that the current requirement is of 1,50,000 rooms. Though the new investment plan would add 53,000 rooms by 2011, the shortage will still persist. 4. Intense competition and image of India: The industry is witnessing heightened competition with the arrival of new players, new products and new systems. The competition from neighboring countries and negative perceptions about Indian tourism product constrains the growth of tourism. The image of India as a country overrun by poverty, political instability, safety concerns and diseases also harms the tourism industry. 5. Customer expectations: As India is emerging as a destination on the global travel map, expectations of customers are rising. The companies have to focus on customer loyalty and repeat purchases. 6. Manual back-end: Though most reputed chains have IT enabled systems for property management, reservations, etc., almost all the data which actually make the company work are filled in manual log books or are simply not tracked. 7. Human resource development: Some of the services required in the tourism and hotel industries are highly personalized, and no amount of automation can substitute for personal service providers. India is focusing more on white collar jobs than blue collar jobs. The shortage of blue collar employees will pose various threats to the industry. SWOT ANALYSIS OF MAJOR HOTELS: TAJ GROUP OF HOTELS: Strengths: The group has enormous power and strengths, which makes it the best and competitive, some of them are: It consists of 75 properties in 40 locations across India and 18 international hotels. Its stylish variety of hotels like; Taj exotica, Taj safari, The gateway hotels, Ginger hotels, Jivas spa etc. Its effective and efficient management techniques and staff. Its brand name. The presence of Taj Hotels, Resorts and Palaces in various countries like United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Dubai, Singapore, Australia, Japan, Russia and the United States of America. Securing management contracts at Palm Island, Jumeirah in Dubai, Saraya Islands in Ras Al Khaimah, Aldar Group in Abu Dhabi, UAE Langkawi in Malaysia and Thimpu in Bhutan. The various initiatives taken like; rollout of Customer Feedback System, Tata Business Excellence Model, IT initiatives, Ginger hotels etc. Weakness: Taj hotels being such a big brand, has a lot of advantages but every big company faces some odds and so does Taj. Some of its weakness; Its hard to maintain such a huge chain of subsidiaries and there are more chances of mishaps in management. Its huge competitors like Oberoi, Leela, Oriental, ITC etc are also providing same facilities and thus it becomes a weakness for Taj hotels. Its very costly for the Indians to afford the tariffs and service charges set by Taj hotels. Thus, they loose a major part of their market share. They need a lot of investment. As Taj hotels is a popular group, it is always in the eyes of the terrorists, as taj has already faced such an incident. Therefore, it proves to be a weakness some times, to be so popular. Opportunities: The Group is poised strategically to take advantage of the following situation: In the backdrop of a healthy economy having its positive fallouts on the Tourism Sector leading to rapid growth in markets in India, South Asia and key gateway cities in source-market destinations. Rapid expansion in both International and Domestic destinations, with top-of-the-line Luxury, Leisure and Business properties. Meeting growing demand in the budget and mid-market segments. Extending the product portfolio into related offerings viz. luxury residences, wildlife lodges and health spas. Threats: The threats identified by the Group are related mainly to the markets in which the Group operates and general factors related to the tourism industry. Significant among these are: Cheaper international airfares, increasing affordability of travel to International destinations, especially South East Asia, Europe and Australia. Growing presence of international hospitality chains competing in the Luxury and Business segments, to meet excess demand situation. Appreciating Indian Rupee vis-Ã  -vis the US Dollar, resulting in lower realisation on foreign exchange earnings. Slowdown of international demand resulting in reduction of revenues. OBEROI GROUP OF HOTELS: Strengths: Cost advantage Asset leverage Effective communication High RD Innovation Online growth Loyal customers Market share leadership Strong management team Strong brand equity Weaknesses: Bad communication Diseconomies to scale Over leveraged financial position Low RD Low market share No online presence Not innovative Not diversified Poor supply chain Weak management team Weak real estate Opportunities: Acquisitions Asset leverage Financial markets (raise money through debt, etc) Emerging markets and expansion abroad Innovation Online Product and services expansion Takeovers Threats: Competition Cheaper technology Economic slowdown External changes (government, politics, taxes, etc) Exchange rate fluctuations Lower cost competitors or imports Maturing categories, products, or services Price wars ITDC: STRENGTHS: One of the oldest five star hotels in India preferred by a vast number of tourists as well as localites. Amenities provided are state of the art and of very high quality. Staff is known to be very hospitable and supportive of their guests. Has the largest conference hall in India and hence its the most preferred conference hall for most of the important conferences held in India. Provides Privilege Card for their frequent guests which lure more number of people to become their regular customers. It has New Delhis most magnificent Banquet venue. The architecture is still considered as a benchmark to most of the buildings that are created today. WEAKNESSES: Prices are higher than other five star hotels in New Delhi. There have not been many changes in the building since the time that it has been set up. According to the guests the walls are dirty and the hallways are not maintained well which makes many of them think twice about coming back there. It is quite far away (15kms) from the international airport because of which many guest opt for hotels closer for their own convenience. They seem to rely on their past laurels and are not taking any new initiatives to satisfy their customers. 3.2 DEMOGRAPHICS OF BUYERS- MARKET SEGMENTATION: CLASSIFICATION OF HOTELS: Classification is based on many criteria and classifying hotels into different types is not an easy task. The hotel industry is so vast that many hotels do not fit into single well defined category. Industry can be classified in various ways, based on location, size of property etc. The main hotel chains of India are: The Taj Group of Hotels, the Oberoi Group and ITC Welcome group. Some of the international chains are Hyatt, Marriott, and Le Meridian etc. these properties have also come up in India now. 1. Based on Location City center: Generally located in the heart of city within a short distance from business centre, shopping arcade. Rates are normally high due to their location advantages. They have high traffic on weekdays and the occupancy is generally high. Motels: They are located primarily on highways, they provide lodging to highway travellers and also provide ample parking space. The length of stay is usually overnight. Suburban hotels: They are located in suburban areas, it generally have high traffic on weekend. It is ideal for budget travellers. In this type of hotel rates are moderately low. Airport hotels: These hotels are set up near by the airport. They have transit guest who stay over between flights. Resort hotels: They are also termed as health resort or beach hill resort and so depending on their position and location. They cater a person who wants to relax, enjoy themselves at hill station. Most resort work to full capacity during peak season. Sales and revenue fluctuate from season to season. Floating hotels: As name implies these hotels are established on luxury liners or ship. It is located on river, sea or big lakes. In cruise ships, rooms are generally small and all furniture is fixed down. It has long stay guest. Boatels: A house boat hotels is referred as boatels. The SHIKARAS of Kashmir and KETTUVALLAM of Kerala are houseboats in India which offers luxurious accommodation to travelers. Rotels: These novel variants are hotel on wheel. Our very own palace on wheels and Deccan Odessey are trains providing a luxurious hotel atmosphere. Their interior is done like hotel room. They are normally used by small group of travelers. 2. Based on Size of Property Small hotel: hotel with 100 rooms and less may be termed as small hotels. Medium sized hotel: hotel which has 100-300 rooms is known as medium sized hotel. Large hotels: hotel which have more than 300 rooms are termed as large hotels. Mega hotels: are those hotels with more than 1000 rooms. Chain hotels: these are the groups that have hotels in much number of locations in India and international venues. 3. Based on the Level of Service Economy/ Budget hotels: These hotels meet the basic need of the guest by providing comfortable and clean room for a comfortable stay. Mid market hotels: It is suite hotel that offers small living room with appropriate furniture and small bed room with king sized bed. Luxury hotels: These offer world class service providing restaurant and lounges, concierge service, meeting rooms, dining facilities. Bath linen is provided to the guest and is replaced accordingly. These guest rooms contains furnishing, artwork etc. prime market for these hotels are celebrities, business executives and high ranking political figures. Example: Hyatt Regency, New Delhi. 4. Based on the Length of Stay Transient Hotel: These are the hotel where guest stays for a day or even less, they are usually five star hotels. The occupancy rate is usually very high. These hotels are situated near airport. Residential hotels: These are the hotel where guest can stay for a minimum period of one month and up to a year. The rent can be paid on monthly or quarterly basis. They provide sitting room, bed room and kitchenette. Semi residential hotels: These hotels incorporate features of both transient and residential hotel. 5. Based on Theme Heritage hotel: In this hotel a guest is graciously welcomed, offered room that have their own history, serve traditional cuisine and are entertained by folk artist. These hotels put their best efforts to give the glimpse of their region. Example: Jai Mahal palace in Jaipur. Ecotels: these are environment friendly hotels these hotel use eco friendly items in the room. Example: Orchid Mumbai is Asia first and most popular five star Ecotels. Boutique hotels: This hotel provides exceptional accommodation, furniture in a themed and stylish manner and caters to corporate travelers. Example: In India the park Bangalore is a boutique hotel. Spas: is a resort which provide therapeutic bath and massage along with other features of luxury hotels in India Ananda spa in Himalaya are the most popular Spa. 6. Based on Target Market Commercial hotel: They are situated in the heart of the city in busy commercial areas so as to get good and high business. They cater mostly businessmen. Convention hotels: These hotels have large convention complex and cater to people attending a convention, conference. Example: Le meridien, Cochin, is a hotel with largest convention center in south India. Resort hotels: These leisure hotels are mainly for vacationers who want to relax and enjoy with their family. The occupancy varies as per season. The atmosphere is more relaxed. These are spread out in vast areas so many resorts have solar powered carts for the transport of guest. Suite hotels: These hotel offer rooms that may include compact kitchenette. They cater to people who are relocating act as like lawyers, executives who are away from home for a long business stay. Casino hotels: Hotel with predominantly gambling facilities comes under this category, they have guest room and food and operation too. These hotels tend to cater leisure and vacation travelers. Gambling activities at some casino hotels operate 24 hours a day and 365 days. Todays ways of booking make it difficult to identify the purpose of the trip. Segment by default the individual bookings for short midweek stays as business. Identify as leisure the booking of a double room over the week-end. As the new technology was developing, corporate travel departments, as well as the independent consumer, turned to travel agents to get the best discounts. As the GDS technology influenced booking and buying practices, additional segments were created, resulting in the following market segment model: Rack Rates: Without any affiliations to warrant discounts, the Rack Rated customer paid the published rate, which was the highest rate. Consortia Rates: This was the same customer who booked through a travel agent using the GDS and received a 5%-10% discount off Rack Rates. Corporate Rates: Having met the hotels qualifying criteria, such as volume, businesses were guaranteed discounted rates. Group Rates: With a block of rooms, rates varied based on time of year and the nature of the group. Weekend Rates: Individual leisure travelers, usually within a drive distance to the hotel. Promotional rates: These rates were originally used sparingly and used as a means to stimulate business by using discounted rates to anyone, regardless of affiliation. Domestic Consumer is the largest segment of the hotels motels industry in India accounting for 52.9% of the industrys total value. The domestic business segment accounts for a further 24.4% of the industry.

Example for Literary Paper Essay

Comparison/Contrast: Assignment: For Your Information: Comparison/Contrast – The process of examining two or more things in order to establish their similarities and differences. After reading two selections, you will write a comparison/contrast essay using the guidelines provided in this packet. 1. Any relationship between two or more things will involve some degree of SIMILARITY, as well as some degree of DIFFERENCE. 2. Comparisons can be found in any kind of writing: magazine articles, advertising, essays, news articles, letters, editorials, textbooks, scientific writing, reports, political speeches, and pamphlets. 3. We make comparisons when we have to choose between two or more things: careers, products, political candidates, goals, etc. 4. Comparisons underlie everything we do. Scientists use comparisons in their experiments. Logicians use them to draw conclusions. Politicians use them to formulate policies. Judges use them to render decisions. Ministers teach and admonish us with comparisons. How to Write a Literary Comparison/Contrast Essay When writing a literary comparison, you will answer the question: So What? In other words, you will not only explain the similarities and differences between the two (or more) literary works, but also explain the significance of your comparison. A comparison intends to inform readers of something they haven’t thought of before. Therefore, for a comparison to be illuminating, the things compared must either: 1. Appear different but have significant similarities; i.e., Star Wars and Return of the Jedi. 2. Or, appear similar but have significant differences; i.e., Classic Star Trek and Star Trek: The Next Generation. You must have a purpose for your comparison. The reader of the comparison should not have to ask SO WHAT? at the end of your essay. In a comparison/contrast essay you are explaining the differences between two or more things, as well as explaining, or at least alluding to, what the two things have in common. School Curriculum Specialists, LLC Remember that comparison and contrast is an organizational and analytical structure that supports your ideas, but you still need a thesis in the introduction. The introduction should contain: 1) The names the items to be compared 2) The purpose of the comparison 3) What is being compared and/or contrasted Sample Thesis Statements: Unacceptable — â€Å"I am going to compare the similarities and differences between the films Close Encounters of the Third Kind and E.T., the Extraterrestrial.† Acceptable — â€Å"A close examination of the way Roy Neary, the protagonist of Close Encounters of the Third Kind, and Elliott, the protagonist of E.T., the Extraterrestrial, react to their encounters with aliens demonstrates that director Steven Spielberg uses both films to tell similar stories about the difficulties of growing up.† 1. Choose the works of literature you want to compare. 2. Choose the grounds for comparison; i.e. is there something they have in common that makes it worthwhile to show how they are different? 3. Answer the question So What? by determining a purpose for making a comparison. 4. Gather information and evidence from each literary selection to describe and support your grounds for comparison. Use a graphic organizer like the one below and on page 4 of this packet. 5. Outline your essay. 6. Compose your thesis. 7. Write the draft of your essay. Assignment Directions Step One Select two literary texts that can be compared and contrasted for the authors’ point of view, literary style, or other points of comparison. Once you have the literature, it’s time to decide â€Å"what† within each selection you will compare. Step Two Make a graphic organizer OR use the graphic organizers contained in this packet (see page 4). Making notes on the organizer will help visually show you how items, such as characters, author’s development of the plot, author’s use of literary devices, theme, etc. are similar and different. If you decide to focus on just â€Å"theme,† for example, then you will want to create a Venn diagram or comparison chart that helps you analyze how the two authors’ word choices, style, sense of audience, etc. are used to reveal the theme to the reader or support the message. And, of course, compare the authors in this regard. Step Three Once you have jotted notes in the graphic organizer, make an outline for your essay, that includes: ; Paragraph 1: The Introduction – Introduce your topic and state your thesis. Example Thesis: â€Å"Although James Jackson’s novel, Reaching the English Moors, was First written in 1895, the theme can be compared to H.B. Bartlion’s poem, ‘Green Grasses of Home’ support paragraph written a century later. Both Jackson and Bartlion are urging the reader to consider the life lessons m presented in nature. However, Jackson addresses this theme through the use of personification and Bartlion relies on visual imagery.† f Third Second support paragraph Sample Structure In the above example, the writer has established why the two selections are comparable paragraph (common themes), but clearly states that the authors have used two contrasting methods of developing their themes. So, will the writer focus on the alikeness (comparison) of the theme, or the different ways (contrast) the authors developed their theme? Paragraph 2: First Support Paragraph. Set the groundwork for the similarities in the literary selections. In the case above, you would describe the common theme found in each selection. Write a topic sentence and add details to support your topic sentence. Example Topic Sentence: â€Å"Both Jackson and Bartlion are urging the reader to consider the life lessons we can learn from nature.† Provide specific examples of this in the paragraph. Paragraph 3: Second Support Paragraph. Again, write a topic sentence and add at least 3 details. This paragraph will focus a difference between to the two literary selections by stating that Jackson uses personification to develop the theme. Provide specific examples of this in the paragraph. Paragraph 4: Third Support Paragraph. This paragraph will focus on another difference between the two literary selections by stating that Bartlion uses visual imagery to develop the theme. Provide specific examples of this in the paragraph. Include several supporting details. Paragraph 5: Conclusion. Go back and state what you’ve already said in the introduction using different wording, wrapping things up. Step Four Use the outline (above). Write each section of the paper, until finished. Go back and edit, checking for spelling, correct grammar, punctuation, and flow. Use the scoring guide/rubric (page 7 in this packet) to check the completion and correctness of your essay. Compare and contrast essays are just like any other paper and should flow from one paragraph to the next, making sense as you read it. Read and reread. Step Five Use a word processor to type your essay STUDENT SAMPLE Ella Berven October 15, 2011 Period 4 Literary Comparison/Contrast Essay Shades of Being Human Alice Walker and Maya Angelou are two contemporary African-American writers. Although almost a generation apart in age, both women display a remarkable similarity in their lives. Each has written about her experiences growing up in the rural South, Ms. Walker through her essays and Ms. Angelou in her autobiographies. Though they share similar backgrounds, each has a unique style which gives to us, the readers, the gift of their exquisite humanity, with all of its frailties and strengths, joys and sorrows. Tragedy struck both of these women at the age of eight. Ms. Walker lost her sight in one eye. Ms. Angelou was raped. Each described the incident as part of a larger work. Ms. Walker related her experience in the body of an essay published in her book, In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens. Ms. Angelou told her story as a chapter in her autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Although both wrote about their traumatic experience, the way each depicted the incident was distinct and seemed to be told for very different purposes. Alice Walker reports the facts to the reader with short sentences written in the present tense. She chooses words which elicit a forceful emotional response from her audience. For example, in telling how her brothers were given BB guns and she was not, Ms. Walker writes, â€Å"Because I am a girl, I do not get a gun. Instantly, I am relegated to the position of Indian.† The word â€Å"relegated† causes the reader to be irate and indignant. Most people do not like being â€Å"relegated† to anything. Another illustration of Ms. Walker’s use of dynamic words can be found in her description of the encounter with her parents following the accident. She speaks of being â€Å"confronted† by her parents. â€Å"Confronted† is a combative word. When people are confronted by others, they want to launch an attack. Her style and choice of words make the reader aware that she is alone and fearful. She is left to fight her battles by herself. Maya Angelou narrates her account in a conversational tone. She uses the past tense which tells her audience â€Å"it’s over† for her. Her words are free from severity. They encourage the reader to see hope in the midst of sadness. Instead of trying to elicit a particular emotional response, Angelou invites her audience to share in her thoughts and feelings. For instance, having given an account of the rape, she writes, â€Å"I thought I had died–I woke up in a white-walled world, and it had to be heaven.† The reader feels a connection with her pain, yet realizes redemption lies close at hand. Whereas Walker tells how she was confronted by her parents, Angelou explains,†she [mother] picked me up in her arms and the terror abated for a while.† There is no impression of combativeness. There is only tenderness and care. Once again, she invites the reader in. Walker wants the reader to feel for her; Angelou wants her audience to feel with her. They achieve their objectives by directing the reader’s attention to specific emotions. The emotional focus of Alice Walker’s story is rage, red-hot and isolating. As I read this piece, I became livid, not only at the thought of her devastating injury and her family’s apparent disassociation, but also at Ms. Walker herself. It appeared to me that she never let go of it. Instead, she seemed to embrace her anger. On the other hand, Ms. Angelou’s anger is subtle and short-lived. Though I was incensed by what happened to her, she quietly insisted that I leave it behind. She concentrated less on her anger and more on the warmth and support of her family. It would be impossible not to address the ways in which both women refer to the intense physical pain each of them suffered as little girls. Ms. Walker gives little description of her anguish, but I clearly felt it. When I read, â€Å". . . I feel an incredible blow in my right eye . . .† and, â€Å"my eye stings, and I cover it with my hand,† my immediate response was to quickly cover my eye with my hand. My body reacted to her pain. Ms. Angelou’s description produced another effect. She wrote, â€Å"Then there was the pain. A breaking and entering when even the senses are torn apart.† Instead of a physical reaction, I felt a wrenching of the heart. Ms. Walker focused my attention on the injury to her body, while Ms. Angelou focused on her emotional scars. School Curriculum Specialists, LLC My most powerful emotional response throughout both stories was one of incredible sorrow. I felt the tremendous weight that sadness and despair can fold around a heart, not only for a child’s trauma, but also for the devastating repercussions that tragedy can produce – loss of dignity, self-esteem, and childhood itself. I wanted to comfort them both. However, by the end of Ms. Walker’s account of the incident, I not only wanted to comfort her, I wanted to shield her as well. Her wounds were still open. At the end of her narrative, she wrote, â€Å"Now when I stare at people – a favorite pastime up to now – they will stare back. Not at the ‘cute’ little girl, but at her scar. For six years, I do not stare at anyone, because I do not raise my head.† I wanted to intervene and help her. Although in Ms. Angelou’s story I yearned to comfort the child, it was obvious that the adult Maya Angelou did not need my protection. She ended her account with these words: â€Å"I would have liked to stay in the hospital the rest of my life. Mother brought flowers and candy. Grandmother came with fruit and my uncles clumped around and around my bed, snorting like wild horses. When they were able to sneak Bailey in, he read to me for hours.† Her family loved her all the way through her trauma, and she moved from despair to hope with their help. Alice Walker and Maya Angelou are both extremely courageous writers. From each we receive a rare and poignant gift. As her book suggests, Alice Walker challenges us to search for resolution in the face of loneliness and despair. Maya Angelou, who â€Å"knows why the caged bird sings,† reminds us that loneliness and despair never have the last word. She gently points us to a window of hope. Both women bless us with shades of being human.

Job Interview By Glenda Davis - 1366 Words

Job interviews would have to be the most nerve racking experience to proceed through; however, it is they are a task countless of us will possibly face at some point in life if you ever desire to consider obtaining a job. In my years of high school instructors would advise us and prepare my classmates and I to be ready for a job interview and have an understanding of the do’s and don’t for a job interview. This included having to attend school well professionally dressed and actually being interviewed. After reading an essay written by Glenda Davis titled â€Å"How to Do Well on a Job Interview,† I came to a complete understanding regarding how her advice given for a job interview is all useful and can benefit the readers. Davis identifies a job interview as a â€Å"game† (Davis 250), which I believe it was an excellent example in which it also gives readers an idea of how competitive it can be. Countless parts of her advice I have done myself, which has l anded me a job. Aside from Davis’s perspective, there are a few key point that Davis may have missed and could have been stated in her essay, such as researching the company he or she is applying to, this allows the interview to view the applicant as an applicant who is exceedingly interested in the company and has taken time to learn further about it. In a job interview the simplest ideas tend to matter, this can either land you the win or the loose on that job you desire. In the end, it is significant for the readers to know how toShow MoreRelatedRecruitment and Selection Strategies week 6 1696 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Recruitment and Selection Strategies Recommendations Glenda E. Ortega HRM/531 May 24, 2015 Prof. Yelena Paykina Recruitment and Selection Strategies Recommendations In order to achieve Mr. Stonefield’s business goal, we must formulate the appropriate recruitment and selection strategies for Landslide Limousines Services. We must keep in mind that the business is in Austin, Texas; 25 employees is required, the revenue for the first year will be -50,000.00, 5% in growth, and 10% turnover forRead MoreEssay on Poverty: No Simple Solution to this Multi-faceted Problem2209 Words   |  9 Pageslimitations to the texts that were read. Shipler writes from the perspective of a journalist and subjectively presented the information about the individuals he followed through a number of interviews. The limitations of his research are based upon information presented by those interviewed and a series of interviews conducted over a limited period of time. Walls wrote from the vantage point of an adult child who overcame childhood poverty experiences. Her recall of events may have been dramatized inRead MoreEssay on Chronic Renal Failure Case Study5096 Words   |  21 PagesTeresita, deceased when she was only 11 years old due to vehicular accident; Renato, 52 years old who is battling cancer; Remegio, 50 years old; Socorro, deceased when she was in Grade 6 due to unknown cause; Lorna, 46 years old; and the youngest is Glenda, 38 years old. Mr. Wilfredo Client x, patient’s father is the fourth in a brood of twelve children of Mr. Sotero and Mrs. Donata Porques- Client x, both deceased due to old age. And, Mrs Angeles- Gunay Client x, is the mother of our client,Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group BehaviorRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesmoved in tandem— although not always in the same direction. And both have relied on the proliferation of communication systems, including the postal system, telegraphs, telephones, photographs, and radios. These spread the information about markets, jobs, and opportunities that fueled both migration and trade. As part of these transformations, the new migrations were notably freer than those of the previous three hundred years. This was especially the case in the Atlantic and western Eurasia. Two-thirds

Nature Climate Change - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1576 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/03/14 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Topics: Global Warming Essay Did you like this example? Introduction   â€Å"Earths 2016 surface temperatures were the warmest since modern recordkeeping began in 1880† (NASA, NOAA Data†¦) The atmospheric co2 levels of Earth have always increased and decreased over a period of 650,000 years. However, as of 1950, carbon dioxide levels have increased to 400 million, which is significant when compared to the highest of 290 million nearly 300,000 years ago. Keeping the CO2 levels low is important because it corresponds to global temperature, ocean temperature, and ice sheets. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Nature Climate Change" essay for you Create order Although it is important to maintain low levels of carbon dioxide, it is the highest ever because of serious climate change. Indeed, the rise in sea levels, extreme events, and ocean acidification are some examples of climate change due to an increase in carbon dioxide levels. Climate change is a serious problem as ice sheets are melting, the Earth is warming, and severe storms are increasing. However, if we promote clean energy, change wasteful habits and reduce our intake of beef and milk, we can reverse environmental damage. The ice sheets have been melting at an astonishing rate because of climate change. The ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica are extremely large and have been formed for thousands of years and played a key role in the environment. One reason why the ice sheets are important is that they contain about 99 percent of the earths fresh water and prevent the ocean levels from rising. Another reason why ice sheets are important is that they help palaeoclimatologists to study the atmosphere of the earth in prehistoric times. Palaeoclimatologists extract large ice tubes from ice sheets and scientists can collect information on the climate of that period by studying the chemicals in each layer of the ice tube. As temperature increases rapidly, glaciers, ice caps, and ice sheets begin to melt. Furthermore, due to the rising temperature, ice sheets are melting faster than can be produced affecting ecosystems across the planet. In addition, Ice sheets melting contribute to rising sea levels. When ice sheets melt in the Antarctic and Greenland, they increase the ocean level as Peter Wadhams states, â€Å"Greenland is now the largest single contributor to global sea level rise, its melting ice cap adding some 300 cubic kilometers (72 cubic miles) of water per year to the ocean† (Peter Wadhams). Not to mention that if the ocean level increases, even more, coastal habitats are at risk of flooding. Scientists are especially concerned about the effects of melting do to New York City, New York; Washington, D.C; San Francisco, California; or New Orleans, Louisiana being in danger of becoming underwater cities if the ice sheets continue to melt. Not to mention, the melting of ice sheets will result in the dilution of the ocean’s salinity as National Geographic explains, â€Å"Tons of freshwater are added to the ocean every day by melting ice sheets. Large additions of freshwater change the ocean ecosystems.† (Ice sheet). Because of the sudden increase in freshwater to a mainly saltwater ecosystem, many fish and coral species cannot survive. The Arctic and Greenland ice sheets play an important role in the Earth ecosystem. Global warming is expected to have profound and widespread effects on earths ecosystems. Between 1900 and 1990 the average U.S. temperature was 52.0 Fahrenheit, but as of recently, it has risen to new records of 55.0 degrees. As Noaa states â€Å"2017 was the third warmest year since official records began in 1880. It ranked behind only 2016 (warmest) and 2015 (second warmest)† (Climate). This sudden increase in temperature on Earth means more than a rise in hot days. Due to warming temperatures, many plants and animals move north. â€Å"They are not just moving north, they are moving from the equator toward the poles. They are quite simply following the range of comfortable temperatures, which is migrating to the poles as the global average temperature warms† (Bradford) The reason that this is a problem is that if the climate changes too quickly many organisms can’t migrate fast e nough leading to their extinction. In addition to birds that migrate earlier, disease-causing pathogens once confined to tropical and subtropical areas kill plants and animal species that have previously been protected from disease due to an increase in average temperature. As Alina Bradford states â€Å"These and other effects of global warming, if left unchecked, will likely contribute to the disappearance of up to one-half of Earths plants and one-third of animals from their current range by 2080, according to a 2013 report in the journal Nature Climate Change† (Bradford). The earth rising at an average temperature is a problem for everyone, including humans. Agriculture will be affected by drought, severe weather and the absence of accumulated snowmelt, and a larger number and diversity of pests could lead to global food shortages as well as livestock shortages. Not to mention a sudden drop in food would create worldwide chaos with riots, civil unrest, and famines. Lastly, human health is expected to decline because of global warming. Mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and asthma are a direct consequence of global warming. â€Å"The 2016 outbreak of Zika virus, a mosquito-borne illness, highlighted the dangers of climate change. The disease causes devastating birth defects in fetuses when pregnant women are infected† (Bradford). With the increase of the average temperature, insects like mosquitoes can migrate north, leading to the spread of mosquito-related diseases. An increase in extreme weather is a direct cause of climate change. Over the past 50 years, humans have seen excessively high temperatures, an abundance of downpour and it some regions, floods, and droughts. Furthermore, heat waves have increased in recent years with a trend that continued in 2011 and 2012. Texas in 2011 and the Midwest in 2012 recorded the highest average monthly temperatures. As the nca states â€Å"Analyses show that human-induced climate change has generally increased the probability of heat waves., And prolonged (multi-month) extreme heat has been unprecedented since the start of reliable instrumental records in 1895† (Extreme Weather). Due to the increase in heat waves in the United States, an abnormal number of droughts have occurred. A drought occurs when surface evaporation increases and plants with insufficient water lead to dry soil resulting in drought. Examples of droughts that have happened recently were as the nca states â€Å"when many locatio ns in Texas and Oklahoma experienced more than 100 days over 100 °F. Both states set new records for the hottest summer since record-keeping began in 1895. Rates of water loss, due in part to evaporation, were double the long-term average. The heat and drought depleted water resources and contributed to more than $10 billion in direct losses to agriculture alone† (Extreme Weather). Due to the increased quantity of heatwaves and droughts, it is harder for farmers because the quality of the soil decreases Although dry events in the USA are on the rise, there is also an increase in heavy downpours. The amount of heavy rainfall has increased substantially in the last three to five decades, especially in comparison to 1991. Due to the sudden increase in heavy downpours, this equates to floods in the United States. Moreover, a sudden increase in rainfall is not the only factor contributing to the increase in floods. Factors such as thunderstorms, snow, and ice or debris jams and human factors such as dam failure and land alterations are also contributing to the sudden increase in flooding. There are a few types of floods as the nca desc ribes â€Å"Flash floods occur in small and steep watersheds and waterways and can be caused by short-duration intense precipitation, dam or levee failure, or collapse of debris and ice jams. Most flood-related deaths in the U.S. are associated with flash floods†¦ Urban flooding can be caused by short-duration very heavy precipitation. Urbanization creates large areas of impervious surfaces†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Extreme weather). Floods are extremely dangerous, causing more than 500,000 deaths and affecting 2.8 billion people between 1980 and 2009, and causing damage of almost 8 billion dollars between 1981 and 2011. Finally, the last extreme weather that has worsened is the hurricane. In the last few years, the frequency and intensity of category 4 and 5 hurricanes have increased due to climate change. Hurricanes occur when sea surface temperature changes lead to a change in the local atmosphere that eventually results in a hurricane. Finally, meteorologists predict that the number of categories 4 and 5 hurricanes will increase towards the end of the century. Moreover, extreme weather is becoming an ever-growing problem but if we dont try to counter climate change, it will only get worse. Turning to green renewable energy will greatly help us fight climate change. There are many ways in which companies can switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy, such as solar panels, wind turbines, and low impact hydropower. There are many advantages of switching to renewable energy such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions and helping to combat air pollution, to name but a few. In the United States, approximately 29 percent of harmful emissions come from fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas. On the contrary, most renewable energy sources release zero to no global warming emissions even in the life cycle of recycling production. As ucsuas states â€Å"Burning natural gas for electricity releases between 0.6 and 2 pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt-hour (CO2E/kWh); coal emits between 1.4 and 3.6 pounds of CO2E/kWh. Wind, on the other hand, is responsible for only 0.02 to 0.04 pounds of CO2E/kWh on a life-cycle basis; solar 0.07 to 0.2; geothermal 0.1 to 0.2; and hydroelectric between 0.1 and 0.5† (ucsuas). This quote explains the difference when we switch to a renewable energy source. On average, green energy preforms twice as much and produces half the emissions of fossil fuels.