Accounting Essays Tax Evasion Popularity Essay Example

Bookkeeping Essays Tax Evasion Popularity Essay Expense quibble is a national intrigue that is turning ever increasingly well known. Scratch Montague characterizes income upgrade as the organizations by which a socialized society plays out that occasionally uncivil endeavor of taking cash from one gathering so as to offer it to another. This definition features an of import plan served by income upgrades. As it is as of now known, that income improvements are a budgetary arrangement instrument utilized by the specialists to achieve wide macroeconomic finishes. Overall talking, income upgrades are an offices utilized by the specialists to gracefully its inhabitants with comfortss and establishments like clinics, wellbeing and guidance. Consequently, any deficiency in net implies that the individuals would nt have the option to profit the advantages. From this situation, as perceptive residents, it is basic for individuals and companies to pay income upgrades. In spite of, this basic insight, income upgrade quibble is winning in the general public, far more atrocious, people and organizations experience extraordinar y length to design strategies of supporting income improvements. The main ground why people and partnerships take part in income improvement quibble exercises is that it builds the level of extra cash and total compensations severally. We will compose a custom article test on Accounting Essays Tax Evasion Popularity explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Accounting Essays Tax Evasion Popularity explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Accounting Essays Tax Evasion Popularity explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Expense prevarication is characterized as the inability to run into income improvement liabilities by illicit activity, for example, non pronouncing pay. Acerate leaf to state income improvement prevarication is a condemnable offense. Preceding get bringing down a treatment on income improvement evasion it is irreplaceable to quickly high recognize that in the UK, income upgrade removal is partitioned between two areas of territory, the Inland Revenue and Customs and Excise. The Inland Revenue manages Income Tax, Corporation Tax ( on organization total compensations ) , Capital Gains Tax, raw petroleum income improvement ( partner to oil geographic campaign and extraction in the UK and environing Waterss ) and Stamp Duties ( for example ashore minutess ) . The requiring of VAT, income upgrade on gaming and imposts and extract duties is the obligation of the Customss and Excise Department. In add-on to these two gross segments, neighborhood governments demand the new Community Charge ( survey income improvement ) and the Department of Social Security is answerable for national protection parts. Regularly income upgrade quibble is mistaken for income improvement dismissing. Blending to Denis Healey, previous UK Chancellor of the Exchequer:The distinction between income upgrade dismissing and income improvement quibble is the hickness of a jail divider. This paper will take to show an inside and out examination of why people/organizations participate in income improvement quibble. It will other than dissect whether the self-evaluation framework supports or demoralizes income upgrade prevarication. Furthermore, in the end the paper will reason by estimating the endeavors made by the specialists to fight income improvement evasion. It must be featured that income upgrade is utilized for some different expectations than raising gross. A few creators have contended that the aim of income upgrade can other than be viewed as an instrument of monetary and cultural arrangement to follow up on conduct. As such, it can thus be the reason for the income improvement that it is kept away from. For delineation, it has been contended that higher income improvements on mixed beverages ( Cook and Moore, 1994, Irving and Sims, 1993 ) and baccy ( Viscusi, 1994 ) would chop down the ingestion of those stocks and lead to advancements in the wellbeing of the populace. In the UK, Inland Revenue has, customarily, had a regardful assault towards pay. With the introduction of self-appraisal framework from 1996/7 there has been a movement off from that position in late mature ages. Avoidance of income improvements Assessment prevarication examination commonly accept that quibble includes single citizens responding to some given strategies. In any case, supporting income upgrades could require the coaction of at any rate two citizens. Discovery relies upon the beyond a reasonable doubt won dismissing exercises of both executing companions. An expansion in faces prompts an immediate expansion in the normal expense of a managing in the unlawful part, yet it might other than increment the actuation for the companions to work together in abstaining from detecting. The whole expense of executing in the illicit area can fall, and income improvement evasion may increment. Most states will in general follow a dynamic income upgrade framework, more the salary more income improvement would be collected. From this position it may look that it is unfair for the specialists to force more income improvements on people/organizations for bring forthing more pay for the monetary framework and themselves. In any case, it must be a commended that in add-on to climbing the monetary framework, it is specialists s obligation to accept about financial turn of events and open help of everybody. They need to equilibrate monetary developing and financial turn of events. This develop has been discussed and the perspective of injustice of the income improvement framework has driven gatherings to fence them, at the end of the day, identifying ways and organizations of non satisfying the obligations to the specialists. Exploration surveies directed to occur out the degree of the UK bootleg market monetary framework demonstrate that it has expanded. The figure of unincorporated concern accounts and friends narratives got yearly by the Inland Revenue have expanded from 2m to 2.25 million and from under 600,000 to around 700,000 severally between 1984/85 and 1988/89 completely ( Inland Revenue, 131st Annual Report, 1989 ) . Surveies directed by Brown, Levin, Rosa and Ulph ( 1984 ) inferred that around 5 % of laborers in Britain held at least two occupations and that the pay income improvement lost from second occupation income upgrade quibble likely added up to around 1.1 % of pay income improvement grosss or 0.3 % of national pay. Their examination prohibited prevarication by people who have simply one occupation ( which incorporates huge Numberss of the self image utilized ) , Capital Gains Tax and VAT quibble, and evasion of income upgrade by organizations. Because of debilitating individuals from indicting in income upgrade evasion, Inland Revenue presented the self-appraisal framework, actually just, is a way of working out and paying income improvement. As required by the Inland Revenue ( IR ) , independent individuals, organization supervisors, minister of confidence are required to make full up the self-evaluation signifier at the terminal of each income improvement twelvemonth. Supporting paperss are given to do it simpler to the individuals to make full up the signifier and submit it. With the improvement in building, IR offers concern administrations for businesses, people, temporary workers, organizations and operators, choice to make full up the signifiers on the web, which guarantees programmed income upgrade calculation, snappier discount, and online acknowledgment which is sheltered and unafraid. Along these lines, IR is taking any chance of complain and introducing the accommodation factor to do individuals follow with the income improvement requests. Numerous undertakings have been taken to fight income upgrade quibble. In the UK, for case, endeavors are being made to build co-activity between the Inland Revenue and Customs and Excise. This has included joint strategy crowd and improvements in trading data. One impossible to miss endeavor has been to set up a joint unit to gracefully an individual start of data and guidance for concerns standing up to financial difficulties and who wish to come in into deliberate understandings. A measure along these lines has been that of the European Union Savings Directive. It intends to counter cross limit line income improvement prevarication by roll uping and exchanging data about remote occupant people having savings salary outside their inhabitant area. The Government accepts that trade of data between income improvement governments is the best way to ensure that people pay the correct whole of income upgrade on cross-outskirt pay from savings. The Government along these lines bolsters the Directive, a definitive reason for which is efficacious income improvement by trade of data. The above is a significant measure towards lessening prevarication of income improvement. The above high spots the significance of transparence in chronicles and advantages of sharing data over the states. Presenting VAT was other than an exertion towards income upgrade harmonization and doing it all the more difficult for organizations to fence income improvement. The ongoing soils of Enron and Parmalat have featured the significance of holding transparence. Tank was acquainted with fight cheating, pirating and downplay income upgrade prevarication. A similar standard was behind blending VAT in the EU one of the focal points was the restricted opportunities for extortion in the flexibly connection. In any case, it was discovered that VAT framework was utilized to reliably deceive income upgrade removals. Notwithstanding the endeavors made to downplay income upgrade quibble, fraudsters have distinguished the worked in failings that exist in the controls practiced and have been working those failings for their ain financial expansion. It was discovered that with the introduction of the VAT and intrastate framework, congruity costs had been diminished by abo

Free Essays on Guilede Age

Numerous individuals saw specialists of the nineteenth century as burglar noblemen. They accepted that these specialists were so developed into mammoth partnerships and were so committed in taking a stab at monopolistic influence that their solitary interest was riches and influence in lieu of achievements. This section balances thought of looter noblemen. John Chamberlain accentuates the innovative achievements of these business heads. He clarifies the impacts they had on the American open, while additionally understanding the â€Å"shameful aspects† of their activities. In the accompanying exposition, I will sum up Chamberlain’s sees on Vanderbilt, Rockefeller and Carnegie, their accomplishments and their interest to manage the American economy. The period after the Civil War brought about a noteworthy development in the industrialization of the American economy. Numerous new faces began to rise out into modern endeavors. One of these new faces was Cornelius Vanderbilt. Individuals accepted that he was a man that pre-owned fraud to control properties that he needed. At the point when engaged with something, Vanderbilt was a man who was resolved to have physical and conservative enhancements for the organization. He started his profession from his adoration for steamers, yet as the steamers time reached a conclusion Vanderbilt got associated with railways. With his benefit produced using steamers and oversea undertakings, he bought portions of the Harlem Railroad. This would later assist him with overseeing Canada Southern, Lake Shore and the Michigan Central. These initial steps lead him to much acclaim in the conservative world. He transferred the Central’s tracks from New York to Chicago with new steel rails and mor e grounded steel spans. He delivered an increasingly effective kind of train and the voyaging time was definitely abbreviated. Vanderbilt helped connect the east and west universes of America together. â€Å"Vanderbilt may have watered the Central’s stock. Be that as it may, as quick as he watered it he cemented it †and the most exceedingly awful ... Free Essays on Guilede Age Free Essays on Guilede Age Numerous individuals saw agents of the nineteenth century as looter noblemen. They accepted that these agents were so developed into mammoth partnerships and were so devoted in taking a stab at monopolistic influence that their solitary interest was riches and influence in lieu of achievements. This section offsets thought of burglar noblemen. John Chamberlain stresses the inventive achievements of these business heads. He clarifies the impacts they had on the American open, while likewise understanding the â€Å"shameful aspects† of their activities. In the accompanying paper, I will sum up Chamberlain’s sees on Vanderbilt, Rockefeller and Carnegie, their accomplishments and their interest to manage the American economy. The period after the Civil War brought about a noteworthy development in the industrialization of the American economy. Numerous new faces began to develop out into mechanical undertakings. One of these new faces was Cornelius Vanderbilt. Individuals accepted that he was a man that pre-owned duplicity to control properties that he needed. At the point when associated with something, Vanderbilt was a man who was resolved to have physical and prudent upgrades for the organization. He started his vocation from his affection for steamers, yet as the steamships period reached a conclusion Vanderbilt got engaged with railways. With his benefit produced using steamers and oversea issues, he bought portions of the Harlem Railroad. This would later assist him with dealing with Canada Southern, Lake Shore and the Michigan Central. These initial steps lead him to much popularity in the affordable world. He transferred the Central’s tracks from New York to Chicago with new steel rails and more grounded steel spans. He delivered an increasingly proficient sort of train and the voyaging time was radically abbreviated. Vanderbilt helped interface the east and west universes of America together. â€Å"Vanderbilt may have watered the Central’s stock. In any case, as quick as he watered it he set it †and the most exceedingly terrible ...

A critical evaluation of impressive burgers approach to expanding their operation

A basic rating of Impressive Warren burgers way to deal with spread excursion their operationImpressive Burgers PLC so is a quick supplement connection that confronted hardened rivalry from its customer and should in this manner keep up quality stocks that are served in acceptable clasp to the customers. Because of an expansion in its customers, Impressive Burgers PLC will require to spread out its tasks. Preceding creation in this way, the quick supplement link will hold to ship out a possibility study to set up the best plans to use in spread trip its activities. By and by the bing customers are fighting for the constrained assets in footings of vast and quick supplement stocks. The majority of the customers gripe that they only here and there get their quick supplement arrangements met because of the constrained bill of toll pick. Along these lines, Impressive Burgers PLC will see expanding its bill of passage to accommodate a major figure of its customers. Clients are so differen t and require to be given a major grouping of picks. What one customer may wish, another may hate. All these ought to be considered by Impressive Burgers PLC in spread trip its tasks. Noteworthy Burgers PLC plans to spread out its activities from the bing commercial foundations, they have chosen to draw in a tasks chief to help in the employments they are holding before they set out on augmentation. The main endeavor that the activities course is required to make is the assignment and the rating of the quick supplements association ‘s expansion assault. Assignment of the grounds behind PLC ‘s growth occupations and doing proposals dependent on the point distinguished. Fitting to Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra ( p.112 ) , the tasks of a house are controlled by the house ‘s effectivity in pull offing its assets. The house will henceforth have the option to pull off its accessible assets for the broadening of its tasks into different viewpoints. Potentially the first measure in quite a while extension is measure the figure of customers who stroll into the house ‘s eating houses in the busiest region. This ought to so be additionally partitioned into customers who eat inside the premises and the individuals who pick takeout quick supplement stocks. Subsequent to finding the figure of customers and their few classes, Impressive Burgers ‘ activities chief ought to so rethink the bill of toll in footings of the customers ‘ positions on it. This will influence undertaking a crew of clever misss who will approach the customer with a survey and fill in the poll after the customer has completed his supplement. It would give an indicant of which bill of admission is the best and which one is the most exceedingly awful among those that are directly being advertised. Operationss in an association are the obligation of the tasks executive, on a very basic level activities includes the heading of the creation of products and ventures. The heading of activities includes the grasp of the associations configuration, arranging everything being equal, control and the advancement of open introduction and the readiness of tasks conspire. The obligations of this spot influence the course of the human asset, the bearing of this asset is of import as the way in which they are dealt with significantly discover the accomplishment of the association. The activities ‘ place involves the course of the associations ‘ resources ; resources straight decide the creation technique of the association. The buildings, gear, vehicles and even the stock are utilized in the creation of the associations products and enterprises. Appropriate utilization of the advantages implies that the association lessens on the running cost, the best possible use of vitality, from power to fuel utilized for warming or cookery is of import at the retirement funds made on resources are a net gain to the association. Appropriate heading of the benefits implies that they cut their outgos and they dodge squanders of normal stuff underway. The activities arm of the association is engaged with the heading of cost, they are liable for the solid course of running expenses of the association ; the creation of the merchandise and ventures and the bringing of these products and enterprises to their purchasers. Blending to Barnes ( p.56 ) , the tasks bearing of quick supplement eating house is measured by its capacity to usefully actualize a careful arrangement of self-reviews. Besides, the activities executive should see building up the staff sufficiently on the best techniques before spread excursion the tasks of Impressive Burgers PLC. This will ensure that satisfactory limit has been worked preceding spread excursion foundation and activities as a rule. Now, the tasks executive would like to consider the staff Numberss and contrast this and the customers that they serve. This would strongly take to the chief finding the best way of guaranting that the caput tally is OK. In add-on, the tasks chief ought to other than ensure that the kitchen establishments are at a decent territory and run into the requests of the cooking area. New hardware might be gained. At last, before actualizing the amplification, the tasks chief ought to build up a manual that specifies how to execute on a very basic level all endeavors inside the quick supplement link. This manual will be utilized as a processs book to direct the present and new workers on the best examples that ought to be used in growing top of the line quick supplement arrangements. This will so be trailed by a total makeover of the quick supplement eating house. The makeover will infer geting new seats and spread excursion the bing sitting nation to ensure that more customers are obliged at some random clasp. Besides, the customers ought to be educated preceding this since the amplification will affect the quick supplement eating house ‘s tasks for a couple of yearss as the redevelopments and expansions go on. It will simply be simply to give a month ‘s notice, along these lines guaranting that the customers are acceptable educated in advance. This might be done by means of the media or through postings and hoardings. Amazing Burgers PLC should other than offer an expansive extent of quick supplement stocks and more menu arrangements. This will ensure that the quick supplement mammoth serves the requests of its various customers. A restricted bill of passage every now and again kills the customers as they look for other eating houses that offer a wide arrangement of picks. Amazing Burgers PLC will hold to place in customer diseases or proposal box at the portal of the eating house. Essentially, customers who are incensed by the administration offered to them ought to be dealt with on the topographic point and taken to a different room where they will be offered with specific guidance. This war room ought to be situated inside the eating house and should hold a devoted staff to provide food for the couple of grumbles that might be seen. Shim and Siegel ( p.44 ) intimates that numerous associations are so up to speed in difficulty with regards to guaranting that the house strongly executes its expansion plans. The way in to the accomplishment of Impressive Burgers PLC would be top of the line customer administration. In this way, this ought to be at the dorsum of each head when finding the extension plans. The customer is the a large portion of import individual to be considered in spread excursion the tasks of Impressive Burgers PLC. Consequently, it is basic that the tasks chief builds up an endorsed way of overseeing customers along these lines debaring any customer sicknesses that may follow in the method. It is consistent with such an extent that customer administration is the solitary way to guaranting that the house prevails in its mission to hang out in the quick supplement industry. Accordingly, it is of import for the house to ensure that there are efficacious methods of pull offing amplification plans. Amazing Burgers PLC should spread out to new trade foundations by as a matter of first importance bettering its tasks in the present developments. This will ensure that the organization develops an achievement in its activities and subsequently giving the best quick supplement answers for its customers. Method of reasoning behind the organization ‘s employments and suggestionsImpressive Burgers PLC faces a horde of occupations, the vast majority of which radiate from inside. First and first, the organization faces the activity of restricted bill of charge arrangements. As talked about before, quick supplement customers much of the time look for an expansive grouping of bill of charge which are to a great extent outsider in nature and remarkable to every customer. This is on the grounds that ; the customers have been to other quick supplement eating houses and have tasted distinctive bill of passages. They thusly look for an alone bill of admission. A large portion of the customers who visit Impressive Warren burgers have grumbled of eating a similar supplement ever. They look for changed bill of toll that will offer them an alone encounter. Consequently, Impressive Burgers should look for and present more bill of passages into their activities to ensure that customers have a w ide arrangement of picks. The standard behind this activity is that there is lack of flexibleness and innovations. The weight of guaranting that there is equivalent bill of tolls arrangements lies with the activities chief who is accused of the obligation of presenting and introducing new bill of charge into the quick supplement eating house ‘s tasks ( Slack, Chambers and Johnston, p.38 ) . This would ensure expanded accomplishment in footings of working customers and guaranting viable frameworks for dragging out the quick supplement eating houses. The finish of Impressive Burgers is the stipulation of quick remove supplement to their customers quickly and of a higher caliber to that of their challengers. They preeminent set out with a typical bill of charge for all their eating houses who offered a straightforward bill of toll development with a pick of six set repast options.Burger, Chips and A ; Soft DrinkCheese Burger, Chips and A ; amp ; Soft DrinkChicken Burger, Chips and A ; amp ; Soft DrinkVegetarian Burger, Chips and A ;

Case Study Development Team Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advancement Team Project - Case Study Example Ong before began the lodging network was the originator of Club 21 which is extravagance retail and deals with all the top most design brands, for example, Giorgio Armani and so forth. The Halkin Hotel was the main that was built up in London and the organization than included more properties in a range of barely any years. In the cordiality business it is significant for any organization to set up top notch measures of administrations in order to encourage the movement experience of the visitor. The immaterial items are included an incentive through the signal and conduct of the individuals conveying the administrations. The point of the COMO bunch is to deliver an uncommon encounter and a noteworthy remain at their lodgings and resorts. The organization believes itself to be a piece of the network in which ever area it chooses to play out the business activities. One of the most uncommon characteristics of the organization is that it accepts that making essential minutes for the vi sitor is significant for the organizations in friendliness industry however it is similarly critical to help the earth, economies and the nearby societies (Ross, Lashley 96). The organization even targets conveying the best of administrations to its visitors as the best quality nourishments served at its eateries, fast room administrations, sorting out some game for shows its visitors, and in any event, building up the best of foundation with the goal that the visitors remaining at their inns would have a simple just as colorful experience. The characteristics that the gathering has have made the organization on numerous honors in the previous barely any years for its delightful properties, structural plans, cafés and so on and even caused the name of the organization to happen in may regarded magazines. COMO lodgings and resorts have joined a portion of the notable creators in its activity with the goal that the visitor can have a wonderful remain in their inns both in the hour of areas just as properties. There is one progressively remarkable quality that the

17 Secrets to Improving Teamwork

17 Secrets to Improving Teamwork Every successful organization is a formed by the collection of successful teams. © Shutterstock | Rawpixel.comIn this guide, we will examine the building blocks behind a great team and provide you with 17 secrets to improving teamwork.WHAT MAKES A GREAT TEAM?Before we start examining the secrets to improving teamwork, it’s important to study the concept of a good team. In order to truly enhance the way your team operates, you should be aware of the characteristics behind every successful team.Harvard Business Review published a review of MIT Human Dynamics Laboratory’s study from 2012, which examined the components of a good team. The study followed the patterns of communication by seemingly identical teams over a six-week period.The collected data revealed the key characteristics of the more successful teams which are.Equal contribution from every member of the teamThe team shared a lot of energyTeam member’s communicated directly with each otherThe team conducted back-channel conversationsThe members explored the outside world and reported their findings back to the teamThe study also concluded the wisdom that individual talent is far less important to team success than the ability of the whole team to communicate efficiently. Therefore, much of the improvement to teamwork relies on the improvement of the team’s communication patterns.Here’s a short video outlining the findings of the study:The key ways to improving teamwork include aspects such as managing group dynamics, improving communication, facilitating accountability, and encouraging further development.We’ll now provide tips that focus on these points in order for you to bring out the best in your team.MANAGE GROUP DYNAMICSThe first important aspect of improving teamwork involves the management of group dynamics.Secret 1: Divide roles based on individual strengthsWhen you start allocating the team roles, it’s important to focus on the individual strengths of the team members. This isn’t necessarily as much about having the best person for each role, as it is abou t creating an atmosphere of success and accomplishment.If each team member has a role they are good at, they are more likely to feel valued and radiate this kind of positive energy to the rest of the group. On the other hand, if people are in roles that don’t suit them or help them achieve positive objectives, the frustration and resentment within the team can start building up.Secret 2: Allow members to step upIt’s crucial the team management doesn’t start favoring any particular members of the team by always giving the key roles and responsibilities to them. You should instead encourage team members to step up and challenge themselves.A good way to do this is by asking for volunteers for roles. For example, instead of stating that person A is doing a specific job; inform the team you need someone for a particular task. If the same people are always stepping up, try to encourage the more quiet members of the team to take the lead.Another way to get everyone involved is by ens uring each team member reviews projects and decisions before finalization. Before documents or plans are finalized, have each member provide short feedback.Secret 3: Focus on positive feedbackTeamwork can be improved by feedback, but the focus should always be on positive instead of negative feedback. Positive feedback is another powerful tool for encouraging positive atmosphere within the team and ensuring everyone feels valued.It’s a good idea to organize individual assessment sessions with team members, but also provide valuable feedback to the team as a whole. By stating the value of the team’s overall success and the individual contributions, you can boost the team’s morale. IMPROVE COMMUNICATIONThe next tips deal with the ways you can improve how the team communicates with each other. Communication is at the heart of teamwork and it should be among the key focus areas within the team.Secret 4: Have an open door policyThe management in the team and within the wider organi zation must keep an open door policy. You need team members to feel they are able to communicate problems or positive developments at any time.You can enhance the open door policy by allowing questions and suggestions from the team. The management should always listen to these inquiries and respond to them positively. If a suggestion isn’t viable, for instance, don’t just say it won’t be implemented, but explain the reasons and give positive feedback to the person for suggesting it.When a team member faces difficulties, either with the project or something in their personal life, ensure the whole team is there to help. This can be done by reducing the tasks the person has to do or by providing additional out-of-work support.Secret 5: Encourage brainstormingThe team should also be encouraged to brainstorm at different times during the project. For example, a brainstorming session once a week or every two weeks is a good idea. Ensure the session is one where all ideas are welcom ed and looked at. The team should think outside of the box and be analytical when it comes to ideas.Crazy ideas shouldn’t be viewed negatively or jokingly. By listening to everyone’s ideas, you can create trust within the group and spark ideas that might lead to success.It’s a good idea to change the location to challenge the group more. Don’t just gather in the conference room, but go outside of the office or sit down in a bustling café to get everyone into a different thinking gear.[slideshare id=4445614doc=betterideasfasterfinalv5lowres-100608175948-phpapp02w=640h=330]Secret 6: Nurture curiosityCuriosity is an important part of successful teams. Just as the MIT study showed, members should be looking outside of the team as well and come back with ideas. Curiosity for finding solutions should therefore always be encouraged.Invigorate curiosity by ensuring team members are asking questions and looking for answers. Remove the common “That’s a dumb question” from the v ocabulary of team members. Every question deserves an answer.Secret 7: Encourage team activity away from workFinally, improve communication by having the team enjoy each other’s company even outside of work. Knowing the social side of each team member can build trust and remove barriers for asking those questions or for coming up with new ideas.Get started by encouraging the team to eat lunch with each other. You can do so by creating unique takeaway opportunities in conference rooms or organizing picnics during the warmer season.You also need to organize events outside of the work environment. These don’t even necessarily have to be face-to-face meetings, but rather online opportunities to engage in conversation. For example, use social media to connect the team and enhance outside-of-work collaboration with instant messaging services such as SnapChat.FACILITATE ACCOUNTABILITYSuccessful teamwork requires a set of rules. It’s essential team members are accountable, as it disco urages negative behavior and builds trust.Secret 8: Define the roles for each memberThe first step towards better accountability is by outlining the roles of each team member. Everyone should know the key objective for the whole team, but also be given their own set of goals and tasks. By defining the roles, the team will experience less confusion and stepping over each other’s toes.As mentioned above, you want to use the strengths of each member for the benefit of the whole team. Assign tasks based on these strengths and ensure everyone understands their role within the team before the project gets going.Review and readjust the roles throughout the process and remember to guarantee everyone’s contribution is valued in equal terms.[slideshare id=39059122doc=workplaceaccountabilitywhitepaper-140914003745-phpapp02w=640h=330]Secret 9: Outline the expectationsThe above secret tip briefly mentioned the importance of defining the objectives, both in terms of the whole team and the ind ividual members. It’s crucial for each member to be aware of these expectations from the start.Before the project, the team should gather and outline the desired outcomes, the behaviors that can help achieve these and the objectives that need to be fulfilled. Notice the importance of having the team part of the process and it not being just a top-down management decision.Secret 10: Create clear timelines and check on progressIn addition, the team should have a clear picture of the schedule. Having a schedule, with smaller milestones can definitely help and it ensures the team doesn’t feel too burdened.There also needs to be a proper review routine in place to ensure the team or individual members are not falling behind. Don’t make the team members feel like they are being stalked, but ensure the management is aware of individual progress. This can be done through self-assessment forms or during feedback sessions.Furthermore, ensure there’s assistance available for individual s who are falling behind. One good idea is to have a buddy system, where members who are nearly done with their task can flexibly assist the people who have plenty more tasks left to do.Secret 11: Build a routineTeams with a routine, perform better and have less animosity within them, according to workplace expert Marta Moakley of XpertHR. Routine isn’t just about having a schedule, with operational milestones, but also a routine for other teamwork related things.For example, there should be a routine in place for problem solving and discussions. When a team faces a difficulty, they should know what the route is to solving it. This could be a method for contacting team leader, who’d organize a meeting following a similar pattern. The steps would be to outline the problem, break it down into smaller sections, find solutions for each section and assign team members who can rectify the issues.Furthermore, the team should also have a routine for dealing with team members who behave in negative or harmful manner. If someone’s not pulling their weight or there are issues of bullying, it’s important to have a routine for dealing with the behavior. Again, the steps could include defining the issue, talking to the perpetrator and the possible victim, sharing the issue with the wider team, finding solutions to the issue and moving on once the solution has been found.Whilst many organizations and teams tend to dissolve conflict by only talking to the people immediately involved in a conflict situation, some experts suggest involving the whole team in conflict solving routines. Don Maruska, author of How Great Decisions Get Made, has said, “Often, these additional people bring balance to the discussion and encourage bigger thinking.”Secret 12: Set up a social contractOne of the best ways to facilitate accountability is by setting up a social contract. This refers to an agreement by the team’s members outlining the rules for behavior. It summarizes the norms for interaction and communication within the team.A social contract is not just a fancy fad. Research has shown that well-implemented social contracts provide employees with a deeper sense of control and security within the team. This can enhance the sense of accountability and trust among members and the manager, as everyone is clear on what is accepted and what is not.The team must always be part of the creation of the rules in the social contract.The contract can be drawn by focusing on questions such as:What are the expectations of team members towards each other?What are the things and behavior that work for the benefit of the team?What are the things and behaviors that don’t benefit the team?What are the things and behaviors the team should adopt? What should they stop doing?Ensure the whole team provides their input and more importantly, buys into the agreement. It can only work if the breach of the contract has consequences and if everyone shares the ideas behind it.This b oils down to creating a lovable working atmosphere and culture.[slideshare id=17415022doc=culturecode-v7-130320111259-phpapp02w=640h=330]ENCOURAGE DEVELOPMENTFinally, the following points focus on improving the team’s collective knowledge. By continuous development and training, the team can generate more energy and understanding, which will ultimately lead to successSecret 13: Provide on-going trainingA sense of accomplishment can boost the team’s morale and energy. A simple way to do this is by guaranteeing the members continue developing their skill and gain positive experiences through training. Each team member should participate in development courses and to educate themselves further. Not only does this boost the team’s knowledge and therefore, guarantees better success, but it also helps the individual on a personal level.The skills they train should develop their ability to work on the particular role, but the management should also provide training enhancing the over all abilities required in the team. These can be either technical or social skills, as long as they improve the member’s ability to flexible in the workplace.You can improve the team’s overall success, their sense of being a closer team and the individual’s sense of accomplishment by having the person report on the studies. A short presentation of what the person learned and how it can help the team can be highly beneficial to the team.Secret 14: Establish a mentoring programYou should also consider providing a mentoring program for each team member or small sections of the team. These can be great for boosting energy and help team members feel more accountable as well as supported.If the provision of individual mentors is not possible, you can organize regular team boosting events with interesting guest speakers. Motivational talks by industry experts or social behavior experts can help build up teamwork and trust.Secret 15: Set challenges to the teamDevelopment doesn’t alw ays have to relate to the specific industry the team is working on. In fact, management should also challenge the team regularly with problems that don’t relate to the task. This can improve the team’s ability to work together, boost their problem solving skills and take their mind off from work for a few moments.Small problems, such as figuring out a murder mystery or solving a giant word puzzle, can force the team to communicate and collaborate. This ensures they don’t just fall for their smaller cliques within the team or stop talking to each other. In fact, a fun task during the workday can enhance innovation and ensure the team tries to experiment with different solutions.Remember to have the team analyze the challenge afterwards and outline the reasons why they either failed or succeeded with it. The idea is to engage them in understanding how working as a team can be beneficial and what are the keys to successful co-operation.Secret 16: Reward resultsFinally, teamwork c an be improved by rewarding positive performance and behavior. When the team accomplishes a task, comes up with a new perspective or solves a tricky problem, they should be rewarded for it. This ensures the team feels valued, understands the importance of teamwork and creates a feeling of positive energy.The reward doesn’t need to be anything too big, although financial reward such as a bonus can act as a powerful incentive. But you should also consider team-building rewards such as dinner for the whole team, a shorter workday or a bottle of bubbly for all.Remember that while congratulating the team as a whole is important, you should also reward individual successes. This shouldn’t be done at the expense of others nor should you always reward the same persons.   But rewarding team members individually can also boost the overall happiness of the team.BONUS SECRET TO IMPROVING TEAMWORKAs a final tip, we focus on a surprising fact about improving teamwork.Secret 17: Don’t be afr aid to mix up the teamsWhile familiar teams tend to be friendlier and have better trust structures, studies have shown that newly formed teams are better at generating ideas. Therefore, you should not be afraid to switch roles or members within a team, especially if the current team is stalling in progress or doesn’t co-operate well.Ensure the teams have a good balance between talent and individual skill. If the department has a number of smaller teams, you don’t want all of the talented individuals in one team. By having a clear division of higher skillsets, you can easily create resentment between teams and this can be harmful for teamwork.See one example on the impact of diverse teams. THE BOTTOM LINEOverall, the secrets to improving teamwork are all about improving the way the team is structured, the way it communicates and the way it develops as a team.You need to maintain a positive environment by focusing on the elements that work and by ensuring accountability for every member of the team.A successful team wants to learn and improve, not just for the benefit of the individual, but also for the benefit of the whole team.

Physical Education In Schools - Free Essay Example

There has been a constant increase of obese children over the past couple years. In fact, a troubling consequence of obesity is the growing number of children experiencing health problems such as type 2 diabetes, with anticipated higher lifetime risk of hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, respiratory problems, and some cancers (Wamp 2009). Doctors, physical educators, and other health conscious individuals are trying to implement various physical activity interventions in schools to counteract obesity in children and other long- term consequences that come with sedentary behaviors. Exploring the benefits of physical activity, the promotion of physical activity in schools, and the guidelines for physical activity will be very important in assessing whether the promotion counteracts the rise of obese children. The promotion of well -balanced physical activity programs in schools is very crucial due to the fact that physical activity has been found to prevent many diseases and because schools reach nearly all children for more than half of their waking days, implementing physical activity programs may have a great impact on physical activity becoming part of their daily lives (Cooper, Greenberg, Castelli, Barton, Martin, Morrow 2016). When children acquire dynamic exercising habits, they can grow to lead active and healthy lives as adults, increasing productivity along the way (Wamp 2009). Physical activity also aids in a childrs ability to learn and increases productivity (Wamp 2009). Schools are obesogenic environments but have the potential to promote and provide opportunities to meet the recommended daily minutes of physical activity (Castillo, Centeio, Nicksic 2013). With the combination of increased need to do well on standardized tests and the convenience of sedentary lifestyles, children now weight more and have a greater body mass index than their peers a generation earlier (Castillo, Centeio, Nicksic 2013). It is recommended that a quality physical education curriculum be the foundation of comprehensive opportunities for students to be physically active throughout the school day (Castillo, Centeio, Nicksic 2013). Quality physical education is characterized by: daily physical education (at least 150 minutes per week for elementary, 225 minutes per week for middle and high schools), curriculum that meets the National Standards for Physical Education, student assessment aligned with instruction, certified physical education teacher providing meaningful conte nt through standards-based instruction, student- teacher ratio equivalent to that in the classroom context, and adequate equipment to promote maximum practice time (Avery, Brandt 2010). It is recommended that a quality physical education curriculum be the foundation of comprehensive opportunities for students to be physically active throughout the school day and that federal, state, and local policies require schools to provide these programs (Castillo, Centeio, Nicksic 2013). A well-rounded physical activity program is very beneficial to the health of all individuals. If the physical activity guidelines are followed many long- term health benefits will follow. When children are participating in regular physical activity and their diet is well balanced, obesity is easily counteracted (Luisa 2016). Physical activity not only decreases the chances of becoming obese, it also helps maintain cardiorespiratory fitness and prevent diseases. Individuals who partake in physical activity regularly are less likely to develop a stroke, various types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and the loss of the ability to function (Blair 2009). Physical activity that is current, ongoing, and vigorous such as swimming, racket games, jogging, fast walking, and cycling has demonstrated substantial protection against heart attack in middle and early old ages individuals (Blair 2009). Individuals who participate in only light activity doesnt gain any protection from heart a ttacks (Blair 2009). In order for physical activity to be beneficial there are certain guidelines individuals should follow. In the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (2008) recommends that youth engage in at least 60 minutes of physical activity each day, most of which should be either moderate- or vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity. Half of this amount (30 minutes) should be achieved during the school day (Avery, Brandt 2010). The Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of Nation proposed that all children engage in 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day, most of which is happening during school time (Castillo, Centeio, Nicksic 2013). References Avery, Marybell, and Janet Brandt. How Active are Your Students? Increasing Physical Activity in Schools. Strategies 24.1 (2010): 34-5. ProQuest. 14 Sep. 2018 Blair S.N., Morris J.N. Healthy Hearts and the Universal Benefits of Being Physically Active: Physical Activity and Health. Annuals of Epidemiology 19(4) (2009):253-256. ProQuest. 15 Sep. 2018 Cooper, Kenneth H., et al. Implementing Policies to Enhance Physical Education and Physical Activity in Schools. Research quarterly for exercise and sport 87.2 (2016): 133-40. ProQuest. 14 Sep. 2018 Darla M. Castelli, PhD, Erin E. Centeio, PhD, and Hildi M. Nicksic, MEd. Preparing Educators to Promote and Provide Physical Activity in Schools. (2013) American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine Vol 7, Issue 5, pp. 324 332 Lu ­sa Aires, Gustavo Silva, Clarice Martins, Elisa Marques, Maria Jo?o Lagoa, Jose Carlos Ribeiro, Carla Rego, Henrique Nascimento, Petronila Rocha Pereira, Alice Santos-Silva, Lus Belo Jorge Mota (2016) Exercise intervention and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children. Comparison between obese youngsters taking part in a physical activity school-based programme with and without individualised diet counselling: the ACORDA project, Annals of Human Biology,43:3, 183-190, DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2015.1059889

English - The Most Important Second Language Essay examples

1. English - the most important second language Over 700 million people in the world speak English and it is the international language of diplomacy, business, science, technology, banking, computing, medicine, engineering, tourism, and Hollywood films. Furthermore two-thirds of German companies anticipate that applicants have thorough knowledge of English. Therefore teachers have to advance students foreign language competences as early as possible to prepare them for the globalised world outside the classroom. This is a challenging mission and a lot of teachers fail to provide their students with enough language input so that students feel unsure if they are able to fulfil the companies expectations after graduating school. So†¦show more content†¦According to Cameron the notion of traditional syllabi is that the most important part of the language is its grammar, and that language learning is the accumulation of mastered rules of the grammar (2003, p. 105) As a result stu dents are not actively involved in the learning process because the teacher decides what is done in class. Due to the fact that first a certain point of grammar or pronunciation is taught in its different forms together with some new vocabulary, this syllabus is a structure-oriented one. Once the students are familiar with the introduced form, the teacher moves to a more difficult and complex piece of grammar or pronunciation. This is a traditional and often used way to introduce language, simplifying the learning challenge for students by introducing different linguistic items separately. The focus of this syllabus is mainly on the question what is taught in class. Holistic Syllabus Holistic approaches concentrate more on the question how language is learned in a foreign language classroom. So teachers should pay attention to the learning process rather than to specific language items. Therefore they have to work together with their students to find out what kind of language is important for them in a certain situation. Holistic activitiesShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of English As A Second Language1245 Words   |  5 Pagesimportance of English as a second language. This work focuses in the little importance that the majority of Puerto Ricans give to the language. English is taught in all the schools as a requirement, it is mandatory. It is taken for granted by many people because they think they don’t need to learn English since they live in a Spanish speaking country. However, this language is very important since it s a global language, spoken all over the world. Knowing English as a second language helps you relateRead MoreEngli sh Language Vs. Foreign Countries Essay1186 Words   |  5 Pages[Date] English Language Education in Japanese Schools Introduction Teaching a second language always has its unique challenges, unlike teaching other subjects, in which instruction is in the learners’ first language. English, being an international language is taught across, most, if not all modern day nations. It is not only important for personal communication and professional growth but also for socialization in a world that is increasingly globalized (Fujimoto-Adamson, p. 259). English languageRead MoreLearning Strategies to Learn English1058 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategies to learn English It is time to learn effective strategies for learning English as a second language acquisition. It is important to know that there are some learning strategies to help students how to learn English. Those strategies are learning English by the use of the internet and learning English in a classroom. But there are some students that do not have success on learning English and there are some questions about it: Why some students are not successful English learner? Is itRead MoreEnglish in the World Today1733 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish as an international language Of the 4,000 to 5,000 living languages, English is by far the most widely used. As a mother tongue, it ranks second only to Chinese, which is effectively six mutually unintelligible dialects little used outside China. On the other hand the 300 million native speakers of English are to be found in every continent, and an equally widely distributed body of second language speakers, who use English for their day-to-day needs, totals over 250 million. Finally, ifRead More English Immersion Programs Essay1223 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish Immersion Programs Imagine a world where there is only one language, and people are able to converse with no problems. You wouldn’t need to be a linguist in order to understand another’s language, or culture. Now, think again about what that language should be. Most people would agree that English should become the next â€Å"Mother Tongue†, the language that everyone knows and everyone converses in worldwide. When people choose to speak using there own languages is when division amongRead MoreEnglish As A Second Language Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesAcademic English as a Second Language When I started searching about topics that are related to Academic English I came up with the features of Academic English but this was a general topic so I looked for other topics. I searched on google about other topics, such as the importance of Academic English. I noticed a website that is about the importance of Academic English for non-native speakers. That really interested me because it is a personal topic since English is my second language. My initialRead More Why I Want to Study English Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesWhy should anyone want to study English? Why not French or Spanish or even Mandarin Chinese? Is English so much more interesting than any other language? Why spend time studying a language and not mathematics or science? Well, there are some very good reasons for that. Never before, has a sound knowledge of languages been so important for finding a decent job. It is probably the first question they ask you if you apply for one. Someone who knows different languages will be preferred to someone withRead Moreâ€Å"Why a Global Language† More than one billion people in the world speak English. English is quickly1000 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Why a Global Language† More than one billion people in the world speak English. English is quickly becoming the dominant language by which the world communicates. It is being referred to as the global language because it is seen as a common means for interaction between different countries. Almost everywhere in the world you can find English: it is the most taught in the world and probably one of the the most commonly used languages by politicians all around the world. While this phenomenon canRead MoreEducation of the English Language Learner1476 Words   |  6 Pages The purpose of this paper is to compare two different approaches in the education of English Language Learner (ELL) students, Structured English Immersion, and Two-Way Immersion programs. The focus of this paper is to identify (1) the language ideologies behind both approaches, and each program’s purpose and components. This article also looks at the academic achievement of ELLs, the achievement gap between general education studen ts and ELLs, and the programs’ approach to different variables suchRead MoreLanguage : A Reader For Writers Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pageswanting to learn a new language away from their native language but many students are wondering what language is going to help them the most in the future. English is the clear answer for these students that are wondering what new language to learn for a number of reasons. Through different articles through the book â€Å"Language: A Reader for Writers† it discusses how language is the most successful and most useful language to speak. College students who want to learn a second language, that have not learned

Daniel Dennetts Darwins Dangerous Idea Evolution and...

Daniel Dennetts Darwins Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life Science can give us as good a moral code as any religion. Or so Daniel Dennett claims in his book, Darwins Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life. Dennett provides the tools to explain human morality, and inadvertently leads the way to the conclusion (which he does not share) that science can clarify how human morality came about, but not serve as a substitute or model for moral codes, religious and secular alike. It all begins with Dennetts assertion that everything- everything- is a product of an algorithmic process, which comes about as a result of random change. By definition these algorithmic processes, evolution included, are matter†¦show more content†¦Consider it exaptation. Can altruism- true altruism, not altruism among kin, not reciprocal altruism, but the fabled Good Samaritan altruism, exist as a product of evolution? There is no clear evolutionary advantage to helping those in the out-group that deals strictly with biology (which is not to say that there are not brands of altruism for which there is an evolutionary advantage). Those who accept only matter-first explanations of the world may be likely to argue that people do not, in fact, commit purely selfless acts. Others, including Mayr, allow that Good Samaritan-style altruism exists, but only as a product of culture. It would be hard to find an evolutionary advantage to many products of culture. Take monogamous males for an example. Of course there are plenty of them out there, just as there are plenty of people who commit acts of true altruism, but like altruism, monogamy is hardly the rule. While the question of altruism is by all means an important question, it may not take us where we want to go. The question Dennett then asks is, if morals cannot be derived from the value-free natural world, then from where? His answer is ...ethics must be somehow based on an appreciation of human nature- a sense of what a human being is or might be, and on what a human being might want to have orShow MoreRelatedDarwin’s Theory of Natural Selection and Social Darwinism Essay811 Words   |  4 PagesDarwin and Evolution are inextricably linked in the minds of most people who have had the opportunity to study them in basic biology. However, Darwins theories of selection and survival of the fittest have been applied to moral, economic, political, and other cultural aspects of society. Dennett briefly touched on some of the political and social ramifications of Darwins theories in the final chapter of Darwins Dangerous Idea. Other philosophers and thinkers have also adapted Darwins evolutionaryRead MoreEvolution Before Darwin1590 Words   |  7 Pagesmorning. We are a species who thrive on this thing called story, much the same way a bee thrives on honey or a poet thrives on words. As we continue to generate new stories and, by doing so, generate new meanings of the world, it is hard not to feel as if one is sinking deep into a quicksand of life, unable to make sense of all the sense, mainly because there is too much it. Just when you think youre going to choke on all of the suffocating information regarding the origin of the world, of species

Effects Of Geographical Surrounding On The Psychological...

Meade 5 Catharine Kelly Meade August 3, 2015 English II Honors: American Literature Grade 10 Effects of Geographical Surrounding on the Psychological Traits of a Character Pauline Hopkins, author of Contending Forces, once said, ?And after all, our surroundings influence our lives and characters as much as fate, destiny or any supernatural agency.? This statement lends to a reoccurring theme emphasized in Ralph Ellison?s Invisible Man. The quote also states an important truth about humanity itself; the surroundings and environment in which a person grows up have a profound effect on the psychological composition of that person. Starting at the very beginning of the novel, we can clearly see that the narrator has a†¦show more content†¦African American individuals still faced inhumane discrimination and were often not looked at as people, let alone cared for or acknowledged. To anyone else, their opinions did not matter and their lives were not valued. The 1930?s was also a time in which America was being rebuilt after the detrimental effects of the Great Depres sion. Furthermore, there was a greater presence of African Americans in northern states, which brought about racial tension from powerful white figures who did not want African Americans in what they believed to be ?their cities?. The struggle to find jobs was present all over, and African Americans found it even more difficult to support themselves. The narrator faced all these obstacles throughout the course of this novel. Situated in New York, especially in Harlem, the narrator of Invisible Man felt the effects of large amounts of racism and adversity. According to Alexander LaFosta, researcher of social standings in the 1930?s, racism was largely prevalent across most of America. African Americans had a very difficult time finding jobs, were forced to live in very cramped spaces, and were subjected to piteous education standards. The narrator lived in a time in which people like him were looked down upon. He was not treated respectfully, and that had a profound psychologi cal effect on him. Consequently, his assumption that he was not entirely seen was justified because of the society he lived in. A theme largely

EDUCATOR AS AN ASSESSOR - 9054 Words

EDAHOD5 ASSIGNMENT 01 Unique Number: 827947 Table of contents Section Page _____________________________________________________________ Introduction 2 I. Question 1 2 a. Assessment Task 1: the educator assessment 2 b. Assessment Task 2: peer assessment 7 c. Assessment Task 3: self assessment/reflection 9 II. Question 2 12 a. Assessment Task 1 and Design an Assessment Checklist 12 b.†¦show more content†¦30% chose to produce poster on how to cope with stress and depression 10% chose to create slides on stress prevention and management. 10% chose to submit research project on dealing with stress, depression, prevention and management strategies †¦./4 -4- 8. Describe how you took into account individual learning styles, aptitudes and interests of the learners in the assessment task. Whilst designing the assessment task, considering the outcomes and different learning styles, I decided to include activities which implemented: Audio, Lingual, Tactile and/ or Spatial learning. - I also used different resources for instruction such as: Newspapers, Brochures, Magazines, Tapes, instructional models and projector to engage learners I also allowed for Question – answer lesson, group work and discussion lessons. 9. Describe how local values and standards are reflected in the assessment Local values and standards are reflected in the assessment, because the coping of depression and stress is about the developing of emotions and feelings, and about the self. The assessment will challenge the learners to think about personal plan of measures and strategies of stress towards the self (self concept) as well as other peers. 10. Give a time frame when the assessment will take place and where. Completion of the tasks by learners as well as assessment of the taskShow MoreRelatedImportance of Computer Literacy3014 Words   |  13 Pagesproved that the impact of psychological factors on computer literacy level has not been sufficiently studied. The impact of psychosocial factors on the computer literacy and its level was researched by M. Igbaria, A. Chakrabarti, (1990), A. Harrison, R. K. Jr. Rainer, (1996), G. A. Marcoulides, Y. Stocker, L. D. Marcoulides (2004), A.Brogos (2005), et al. However, despite some significant research contributions in the area, so far little attention has been given to the impact of non-cognitive personality’sRead MoreThe Impact of the New Wave of Financial Regulation for European Energy Markets10246 Words   |  41 Pagesas energy companies should not be exempted. It concludes that this set of legislation will not necessarily bring about the effects the Commission desires. a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 9 November 2011 Accepted 14 May 2012 Available online 31 May 2012 Keywords: Financial legislation Regulation European Union a b s t r a c t As the ï ¬ nancial and physical markets for energy have increasingly become intertwined, energy trade is also covered by ï ¬ nancial legislation. The EuropeanRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology and National Occupational Standards7627 Words   |  31 Pagesand special educational needs 3 develop close and consistent relationships 4 support children’s emotional well-being, confidence and resilience 5 be realistic, consistent and supportive in your responses to children’s behaviour 6 allow children to assess and take risks without over- or under-protecting them 7 use appropriate activities, materials and experiences to support learning and development 8 identify activities and equipment to support children’s play, creativity and learning, including how

Emotional Intelligence †Summary Free Essays

February 10, 2013 ASMT W4b (R) ASMT W4b  (R) Why Emotional Intelligence Is Not Essential for Leadership C6 p. 171 Mitch McCrimmon, the author of â€Å"Why Emotional Intelligence Is Not Essential for Leadership†, presents an argument contrary to that of Daniel Goleman’s claim that leaders must be emotionally intelligent to be effective. He even ventures as far as calling Goleman’s theory harmful. We will write a custom essay sample on Emotional Intelligence – Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"The bottom line is that emotional intelligence is more important for management than leadership† (Rowe, 2013, p. 172). McCrimmon begins his argument referencing great leaders like Martin Luther King, Mahatma Gandi, and Nelson Mandela. Each of these men has influenced others with their passion to eradicate unfairness. They convinced those who can make decisions to favor their ideas. â€Å"They aimed their cry at their respective governments and the population at large . . . but none of them managed the people responsible for making the policy changes that they were promoting† (Rowe, 2013, p. 172). They were bottom-up leaders. McCrimmon makes this point in order to simplify and redefine leadership to â€Å"the successful promotion of new directions† (Rowe, 2013, p. 172). This simplified definition of leadership allows for the promotion of better ideas in an environment where the leadership role shifts from person to person as ideas are developed. As justification for his new definition, McCrimmon claims that the traditional concept of leadership is founded within the confines of the managerial framework, not in those who lead outside of managerial roles. Returning to the topic of the article, the author contends that â€Å"emotional intelligence is critical for management, though not so for leadership† (Rowe, 2013, p. 174). From the beginning, emotional intelligence should have been associated with management, but â€Å"a scapegoat was needed to blame for the failure of Western businesses to cope with Japanese competition, and management was fingered for this role† (Rowe, 2013, p. 174). With management now the â€Å"bad guy†, emotional intelligence became associated with the â€Å"good guy† – leadership. Emotional intelligence has its place among management and only a situational role in leadership. It is important for executives and managers because they have many responsibilities involving the welfare of others. Managers need high emotional intelligence to succeed. However, creative and innovative non-managers, those wanting to challenge the status quo, do not need emotional intelligence in order to convince others of their ideas and be effective leaders. â€Å"The power to lead is increasingly knowledge based and is less about personality and character. Conversely, emotional intelligence is essential for all managerial roles† (Rowe, 2013, p. 175). McCrimmon concludes his argument with call for organizations to cultivate bottom-up leadership, especially organizations dependent on constant innovation. If potential leaders are told to keep quiet until they become emotionally intelligent, they may well say good-bye before they gain the necessary maturity† (Rowe, 2013, p. 175). He implores those in management positions to relinquish their monopolies on leadership in order to grow and encourage bottom-up leadership. Empower others to be leaders. References Rowe, G. , Guerrero, L. (2 013). Cases in leadership. (3rd ed. ). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publishing. How to cite Emotional Intelligence – Summary, Papers

Imperial Rome and Han China comparison free essay sample

Political control is given to influential people with power. The political system of Imperial Rome is similar to the one of Han China in that they were both an absolute monarchy, and emperors were in complete control. Although this was true, they differed in the way their emperors ruled, and how their society was influenced. Imperial Rome and Han China’s political control was similar because of absolute monarchy. An absolute monarchy is when one person is in complete power, and is not limited or restrained by laws or a constitution. The person in power of an absolute monarchy is called an emperor. Both Imperial Rome and Han China had this in common. However, in Imperial Rome, the emperor could buy their way into control, where as in Han China, the emperor was either born into his place, or chosen based on knowledge and ability. Although both monarchies’ had emperors in complete control, they differed religiously. We will write a custom essay sample on Imperial Rome and Han China comparison or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Imperial Rome’s political system was influenced by Polytheism, yet Han China was centered on Confucianism. Polytheism is the worship of many gods, whereas Confucianism is more of a philosophy than a religion. Confucianism is based on Confucius, who has ideas that glorified humanity and shaped traditions of China. Religion impacted political control greatly, because emperors based their entire ruling on belief and philosophy. Also, both Imperial Rome and Han China compare in that they both established control of their territory by fighting and defending land. This was seen when Rome used legions that consisted of Han China and Rome also had similar techniques in their methods of military conquest. Both Han China and Rome took over control of their territory by defending their land and fighting. This happened when Rome used armies that consisted of heavy infantry. Each legion had soldiers by the thousands and was sent to the battlefields to fight. These legions were outstanding units and a professional army that were sent out wherever war started. Rome also had many soldiers along all the borders for defense. Similarly, Han China also had regiments consisting of thousands of soldiers that were sent out to fight. These units were considered as well, professional armies known as standing units. Han China in the same way had an number of soldiers along their borders even with the addition of the Great Wall of China. These similarities were important because each empire brought their lands together through common legal framework for all. Rome conquered the Mediterranean using legions and forcing other regions and new lands to join them.

Why You Need a Freelance Writing Niche (And How to Find One)

Companies in all industries need high-quality content in order to promote their business online. For freelance writers, this is good news. Because there is no shortage in content needs, you can write about just about any topic you’re interested in. However, if you’re trying to be a writer for everyone, it can hurt your freelance writing career. In order to truly start taking off as a professional freelance writer, you need to find your niche. Having a niche as a freelance writer can actually help improve your business and allow you to start making more money. While narrowing down your scope may cause you to push some potential clients away, having a clearly defined niche can open up new doors and present you with new opportunities. If you’re serious about becoming a freelance writer, it’s time you found a niche. Let’s take a deeper look into why a freelance writing niche is so important and what you can do to find yours. The Importance of a Freelance Writing Niche As a freelance writer, it can feel tempting to take any job that is offered to you – especially when you’re just starting out. However, it can be difficult to market yourself this way. In order to land high-quality clients, you need to show that you understand the unique challenges and needs of that industry. When you’re trying to appeal to business leaders and companies in all industries, it can be difficult to reach any prospects at all. Instead of making genuine connections with clients, you end up making surface-level introductions that rarely lead to high-paying projects. How to Choose Your Freelance Writing Niche For some freelance writers, the niche they fall into seems obvious. If you have experience in a particular field, such as healthcare or finance, it may seem natural to write about those topics. However, if you don’t have a clear niche, you can take a look at the topics you’re interested in. Many freelance writers find their niche simply by writing articles on topics they enjoy, such as their hobbies. You can also choose your freelance writing niche based on need. If you see that a particular industry has a high need for content writers, entering that space can help you gain more clients and jumpstart your career. When trying to find your niche, feel free to focus on a few different areas at once. As you begin to learn more about the industries you serve, the clients you connect with, and your skills, you may find that your niche changes. It’s okay to adjust your strategy to fit with the changing times. Conclusion If you’re trying to market your services to everyone and anyone that will listen, you’re going to find it is more difficult to make a name for yourself as a freelance writer. However, when you find a profitable niche that you enjoy, you’re able to build your authority and presence in that space.

Sample of Writing an Essay - How to Write an Essay in 3 Easy Steps

Sample of Writing an Essay - How to Write an Essay in 3 Easy StepsSample of Writing an Essay is a sample that can be used to learn how to write an essay. This is a concept where you will be learning basic basics to write an essay. There are more than one types of essays that you can write, and this is the way to learn how to write an essay.While there are many ways to write an essay, the easiest way is probably to use the example of writing an essay. Using this technique allows you to really get familiar with the process of writing an essay. Also, it will allow you to see how the essay itself looks and if it is clear and consistent.Writing a short essay usually consists of paragraphs. Each paragraph should make a statement and contain facts that demonstrate the statement. The objective of the essay is to support the facts with reasons that back up the argument. For example, you are writing an essay that presents the benefits of free market capitalism.It's very important to show the r eader the impact that the changes that have occurred in the society. This is why you'll want to write about each change from a historical perspective. How was the society affected by this change?In addition to using this technique, you will also want to use it when writing a review. This is where you are going to use the example to show that the information you are presenting is relevant to current events. So, if you write about the benefits of free market capitalism, you may want to include how these changes occurred in your review.Once you have a good idea of how you would like to write an essay, it is important to find a trusted resource. While you may not think you can write well, if you follow some professional writers, you can benefit greatly. Youshould look for people who will help you identify the issues you want to address and help you build on that information so that you can generate a solid essay.Also, with this method of writing an essay, you'll be able to continue to i mprove on your skill. You can be certain that the essay will be different from the one you would have written without this form of guidance.

History of the Apollo 1 Tragedy

History of the Apollo 1 Tragedy On   January 27, 1967, three men lost their lives in NASAs first disaster. It occurred on the ground as Virgil I. Gus Grissom  (the second American astronaut to fly into space),  Edward H. White II, (the first American astronaut to walk in space) and Roger B. Chaffee, (a rookie astronaut on his first space mission), were practicing for the first Apollo mission. At the time, since it was a ground test, the mission was called Apollo/Saturn 204. Ultimately, it would be called Apollo 1 and it was going to be an Earth-orbiting trip. Lift-off was scheduled for February 21, 1967, and would be the first of a series of trips to train astronauts for the moon landing slated for the late 1960s.   Mission Practice Day On January 27th, the astronauts were going through a procedure called a plugs-out test. Their Command Module was mounted on the Saturn 1B rocket on the launch pad just as it would have been during the actual launch. The rocket was unfueled but everything else was as close to reality as the team could make it. That days work was to be an entire countdown sequence from the moment the astronauts entered the capsule until the time that launch would have occurred. It seemed very straightforward, no risk to the astronauts, who were suited up and ready to go.   A Few Seconds of Tragedy Right after lunch, the crew entered the capsule to start the test. There were small problems from the beginning and finally, a communications failure caused a hold to be placed on the count at 5:40 p.m. At 6:31 p.m.  a voice (possibly Roger Chaffees) exclaimed, Fire, I smell fire! Two seconds later, Ed Whites voice came over the circuit, Fire in the cockpit. The final voice transmission was very garbled. They’re fighting a bad fire- let’s get out. Open ‘er up or, We’ve got a bad fire- let’s get out. We’re burning up or, I’m reporting a bad fire. I’m getting out.The transmission ended with a cry of pain.   The flames  spread quickly through the cabin. The last transmission ended 17 seconds after the start of the fire. All telemetry information was lost shortly after that. Emergency responders were dispatched quickly to help. The crew most likely perished within the first 30 seconds of smoke inhalation or burns. Resuscitation efforts were futile. A Cascade of Problems Attempts to get at the astronauts were stymied by a host of problems. First,  the capsule hatch was closed with clamps that required extensive ratcheting to release. Under the best of circumstances, it could take at least 90 seconds to open them. Since the hatch opened inward, pressure had to be vented before it could be opened. It was nearly five minutes after the start of the fire before rescuers could get into the cabin. By this time, the oxygen-rich atmosphere, which had seeped into the materials of the cabin, had ignited and spread flames throughout the capsule.   Apollo 1 Aftermath The disaster put a hold on the entire Apollo program. Investigators needed to probe the wreckage and figure out the causes of the fire. Although a specific point of ignition for the fire could not be determined, the investigation boards final report blamed the fire on electrical arcing among the wires hanging open in the cabin, which was filled with materials that burned easily. In the oxygen-enriched atmosphere, all it took was one spark to set off a fire. The astronauts couldnt escape through the locked hatches in time.   The lessons of the Apollo 1 fire were tough ones. NASA replaced cabin components with self-extinguishing materials. Pure oxygen (which is always a danger) was replaced by a nitrogen-oxygen mixture at launch. Finally, engineers re-designed the hatch to open outward and made it so that it could be removed quickly in the event of a problem. Honoring those Who Lost their Lives The mission was officially assigned the name Apollo 1 in honor of Grissom, White, and Chaffee. The first Saturn V launch (uncrewed) in November 1967 was designated Apollo 4 (no missions were ever designated Apollo 2 or 3).  Ã‚   Grissom and Chaffee were laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia, and Ed White is buried at West Point at the US Military Academy where he studied. All three men are honored throughout the country, with their names on schools, military, and civilian museums and other structures.   Reminders of Danger The Apollo 1 fire was a stark reminder that space exploration is not an easy thing to do. Grissom himself once said that exploration was a risky business. If we die, we want people to accept it. We are in a risky business, and we hope that if anything happens to us, it will not delay the program. The conquest of space is worth the risk of life.   To minimize risks, astronauts and ground crews practice relentlessly, planning for almost any eventuality. as flight crews have done for decades. Apollo 1 wasnt the first time NASA had lost astronauts. In 1966, astronauts Elliott See and Charles Bassett were killed in a crash of their NASA jet crashed on a routine flight to St. Louis. In addition, the Soviet Union had lost cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov at the end of a mission earlier in 1967. But, the Apollo 1 catastrophe reminded everyone  again of the risks of flight.   Edited and updated by  Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Email overconfidence is a dangerous thing - Emphasis

Email overconfidence is a dangerous thing Email overconfidence is a dangerous thing Considering that an estimated 247 billion emails are sent each day, you might think we would all be dab hands at getting our messages across. But a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology reveals that, while we believe we’re making ourselves clear, we actually need to be more careful. Lost in translation The tone and context of your email is likely to be misinterpreted in at least 15 per cent of emails, according to the study. And part of the problem is the fact that we are overly confident that what we write will be understood as we mean it to be. A series of five experiments showed that email senders overestimate how accurately the tone of their message will be identified. Sarcasm and humour are particularly problematic: trying to express either in email is clearly a risk. However, the most notable result from the experiments was not how many times the reader misunderstood the tone, but the disparity between how often the writer expected to be understood and how often they actually were. In one experiment, half the participants emailed a series of statements – a mixture of serious and sarcastic – to the other half, who had to deduce how each statement should be read. While the sending group expected 97 per cent to be recognised, only 84 per cent were. Put into real terms, that means almost one fifth of your recipients might be misled, confused or even offended by your emails. But my colleagues understand me Do they, though? Further experiments showed that the success rate in interpreting tone was the same whether the recipient knew the sender or not, meaning equal care is needed whether writing to a new client or a well-known colleague. Less surprisingly, the recognition of tone was identified correctly most often in spoken statements – though still not as regularly as the speaker predicted. Evidently, without the non-verbal cues – the facial expressions, body language and gestures – of face-to-face communication, any ambiguity of tone in your writing may well lead your reader to misunderstand your meaning. So judge your recipient well, or joke at your own risk. Read the full white paper, ‘Lost in translation’. Our blog contains lots of tips on how to write good emails, and we also run an in-company course on effective email writing.

Learning outcomes of Statistics for Managers Research Paper

Learning outcomes of Statistics for Managers - Research Paper Example It is important for people to put statistics in practice even if they do not understand statistical methods well (Anderson, Sweeney & Williams, 2011). Descriptive statistics are numbers that are used to explore data in a more meaningful way such that a person can understand the data with no need of explanation. In descriptive, data more explained in such a way that images or patterns may emerge from the data presented. This helps those that cannot read and understand what the data means to study the image or patterns well so that they can be able to understand the data well. Descriptive statistic is of more importance if the data was to presented in a raw data it could be difficult for some of us to understand the data especially if one has a lot of data to go through. According to Leblanc (2004), descriptive statistics enables people to present their data in a more meaningful way for easy interpretation of the data. For example, a certain number of students in school sit for an exam then their teacher want to take the overall performance of those students. He or she will have to apply descriptive statistics to get the overall of his or her students. Inferential statistics is more concerned in making inference or predictions of a give population through analyses and observation of the sample. In inferential statistics the data is generalized together as opposed to descriptive statistics where data is more interpreted in a meaningful way. As such, analysts can take the results obtained from an analysis using a study sample, and then generalize this information for use in the larger population represented by the sample. Silverman (1986), argues that it is imperative to use a representative sample of the group being generalized in order to achieve this fete effectively. Some of the key tests of significance considered under the issue of generalization include a T-test or a Chi-square, which explores the probability of the results

Current and Future trends in Microelectromechnical Systems Case Study

Current and Future trends in Microelectromechnical Systems - Case Study Example cessing, and data acquisition features."[2] The term MEMS refer to the devices that are on a millimetre scale with micro-resolution. It is the integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators and electronics on common silicon substrate through the utilization of microfabrication technology [8]. There are several broad categories of MEMS fabrication technologies. They are Bulk micromachining, Surface micromachining, LIGA, Deep reactive ion etching and the integrated MEMS technologies. The brief [9] of each of the technologies is given below Bulk micromachining is a fabrication technique which builds mechanical elements by starting with a silicon wafer, and then etching away unwanted parts, and being left with useful mechanical devices [9].'The advantages are less cost high reliability, manufacturability, and good repeatability [9]. Surface Micromachining builds devices up from the wafer layer-by-layer [9]. Surface Micromachining requires more fabrication steps than Bulk Micromachining, and hence is more expensive.' It is able to create much more complicated devices, capable of sophisticated functionality. LIGA is a technology which creates small, but relatively high aspect ratio devices using x-ray lithography [9]. Unlike traditional Bulk Micromachining, which uses a wet chemical etch, Deep Reactive Ion Etching micromachining uses'a plasma etch to create features allowing greater flexibility in the etch profiles, enabling a wider array of mechanical elements [9]. Since MEMS devices are created with the same tools used to create integrated circuits, in some cases it is also possible to fabricate Micro-machines and Microelectronics on the same piece of silicon [9].' LITERATURE REVIEW MEMS has a very wide range of applications, particularly of its sensors which are used many of the automotive, medical and other consumer products. The technology development is immense and there are several in the literature to quote from in evidence of this fact. The MEMS related technology and literature work is very huge and hence effort has been made only to cover the key developments from random authors. One technique developed in the United States at the University of Wisconsin uses thin film polysilicon for the sensor diaphragm [3]. The polysilicon devices are correspondingly smaller and hence they cost less. Another technique, result in much smaller sensor dies than standard bulk micromachining techniques NovaSensor in the United States, employs high temperature fusion bonding of silicon wafers to form inward tapering cavities under single crystal silicon diaphragms [4]. These devices are used in medical catheters. An improvement in low pressure measurement has also been suggested as by using advanced MEMS micromachining

Market Share Of The Major Hotels In India

Market Share Of The Major Hotels In India The hospitality industry of india is expected to grow at a rate of 8.8% from 2007-16, placing India the second-fastest growing tourism market in the world. Progress like massive investment in hotel infrastructure and open sky policies which are made by the government are all aimed at propelling growth in the hospitality sector. Hotel and hospitality industries are the biggest employment generators in the country. Towards helping its growth, the government should confer infrastructure status to the hotel industries, several taxation issues also need to be rationalised. Further permits and licenses which are required for the hotel operations needs to be rationalised by offering a single window mechanism. The hotel industry is divided into 4 categories: Large hotels Medium hotels Resort hotels Small hotels MARKET SHARE OF THE MAJOR HOTELS IN INDIA: TIE -UPS OF INDIAN HOTELS WITH INTERNATIONAL HOTELS: Most players, exempting of IHCL and EIH, have entered into marketing Tie-up with major international hotel chains. Thus we have Hyatt Regency which are tied up with AHL, Leela tied up with Kempinski and ITCH having a franchisee agreement with ITT Sheraton. For the Indian hotel owners and international hotel chains the benefit is mutual, Tie-up with an international hotel chain will put the hotel on the global map. Associations with international brand play a major role in image building and attracting foreign tourists. However value of the international brand will get diluted if a foreign entity enters an agreement with several Indian companies. MARKET SHARE OF TARIFF PLANS BY DIFFERENT HOTELS Luxury hotels operate under single tariff structure whereby the foreign tourists are charged in dollar terms whereas the domestic guest is charged the equivalent amount in rupees. The luxury hotels earn about two-thirds of their revenue from foreign tourists. Leisure travellers constitute approximately 76.5% of the total tourist arrivals whereas business travellers constitute 21% of the total arrivals. The remainder is accounted by students. Hotels benefit from rupee depreciation as over 60% of revenues in the luxury hotel Segment is in foreign currencies. Thus any depreciation of the rupee goes directly to the bottom line (FOREX income is also fully tax exempt), as none of the costs are directly linked to the exchange rate. The hotel debt environment is also improving. While many countries are hampered by a still sluggish economy, those with a low interest rate environment with relatively stable-banking conditions will provide opportunities for hotel investors to raise capital. For hotel lenders, from a risk/return basis, there has never been a better time to provide new capital to this industry in India. CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS ECONOMY The hotel and restaurant industry of India was Rs. 658.89 billion during 2007-08. Travel Tourism Industry of India was valued at US$35.73 billion in 2007, contributing 3.56% to Indias GDP. The number of foreign tourists arriving to India reached 5.08 million compared with 4.45 million in the year 2006, showing growth of 14.16%. Indias share in international tourist arrivals at global level gradually improved from 0.46% in 2004 to 0.49% in 2005 and further to 0.52% in 2006 and 0.56% in 2007. The number of domestic tourists in India was 526.57 million compared with 461.76 Million in 2006, showing growth of 14.03%. There are 1,437 hotels approved and Classified by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, with a total capacity of 84,327 hotel rooms as on December 31, 2007. Indian hotel industry is currently adding about 60,000 quality rooms, which are expected to be ready by 2012. INTERNATIONAL TOURIST CONTRIBUTION IN INDIA The foreign tourist arrivals in India increased at CAGR of 5.5per cent from 2.29 Million in 1996 to 3.92 million in 2005. Significantly, the bulk of international arrivals into India, both in 2004 and 2005, have been business travellers. Main reason for this increase has been following fundamental factors: Indias strong GDP growth. Opening of sectors of the economy to private sector/ foreign investment. Strengthening of ties with the developed world. Reforms in aviation sector which led to better connectivity with many countries (such as ASEAN) and created additional capacity on existing routes (for e.g. USA, Middle East). Also, introduction of low cost airlines also contributed to the demand. The increase in International flights, seat capacity and frequency into the country and the decision to allow private airlines like Jet Airways and Air Sahara to fly overseas has had a positive impact on tourist and business arrivals into India, by way of providing additional seats. 3.1.2 NATURE OF COMPETITION: It is the most competitive market .Business travelers drive over 70 per cent of the Indian hospitality business and the race to accommodate them, and do it well, is hotting up. But with current demand outstripping supply, hotels in the big cities have managed to up their rates to match those in Paris and London. The major competition comes from the other companies in the same sector .so the rivals are to be found and make their primary and secondary strategies which makes the company competitive in the market. There are also pricing strategies which play fewer roles in competitive market and should think of the non pricing strategies which can be more competitive in the market. The pricing of a hotel like this one is done on system called rate of the day based on demand. As the rooms get taken the price goes up and on a busy day a room like this one in Mumbai or Delhi will cost as much as you would have to pay for one in Paris or London. Adding more facilities to the five star rated hotels like Wi-Fi, spas, gyms, online booking etc. to maintain their guest loyalties which give competitive advantage to its company. To become competitive in the market the flexible pricing is the key. Some suggested steps to realign rates and segments to the changed market place; gain control of business; and increase profitability are: Create an online booking presence. Ensure that the hotels online booking engine is part of the hotels web site, and controlled by the hotel, not by a third party or GDS-based system. Ensure that the online booking engine is the best and accomplishes the hotels goals. Ensure that the online booking engine is easy to use from a customers perspective. Expertly create and maintain an online distribution and maximization strategy to ensure the hotels visibility. Promote and ensure that the lowest published rates are on the hotels own web site, to promote customer loyalty, as done with the airlines. Establish a new market segmentation model, for greater control of the business. Eliminate RACK RATE and replace with SELL RATE, defined as Rack, Promotional, Consortia, and any other customer not affiliated with any discount. A simplified sample version is: Sell Rate Corporate Rate Group Rate Weekend Rate Establish the Sell Rate based on anticipated demand patterns, after the core business and group blocks are factored in. The rate fluctuates on a daily basis. Set rates in all market segments within the range of your competitive set to establish positioning. TAJ GROUP OF HOTELS: A Tata company shall fully strive for the establishment and support of a competitive, open market economy in India and abroad, and shall cooperate in efforts to promote the progressive and judicious liberalisation of trade and investment by a country. Specifically, a Tata company shall not engage in activities that generate or support the formation of monopolies, dominant market positions, cartels and similar unfair trade practices. A Tata company shall market its products and services on its own merits and shall not make unfair and misleading statements about competitors products and services. Any collection of competitive information shall be made only in the normal course of business and shall be obtained only through legally permitted sources and means. Direct Competitors: Oberoi Hotels Oriental Hotels ITC Welcomgroup Hotel Leela etc. Potential Target market : The upper class of the society is targeted. i.e. the richer people in the society. Their fares or tariffs are high as the luxuries provided by them are also standard and 5-star. Thus, this is in context to the Indian branches of Taj Hotels. OBEROI GROUP OF HOTELS (EAST INDIA HOTELS LTD.): Team Street is out with an investment idea that could help the portfolio in the current market conditions. The recent correction in the market has been sharp as the benchmark index or the Sensex has given up more than 7 percent from a recent high of 21,108. OBEROI PROPERTIES RECOGNITION INTERNATIONALLY: The Oberoi Vanyavilas, Ranthambore Rated the 2nd best resort in Asia Rated the 2nd best hotel in the World The Oberoi Udaivilas, Udaipur Rated the best hotel in Asia Rated 4th best hotel in the World The Oberoi Amarvilas. Agra Rated the 2nd best hotel in Asia Rated the 8th best hotel in the World The Oberoi Rajvilas, Jaipur Rated the 5th best hotel in Asia Rated amongst the top 25 hotels in the World Wildflower Hall, Shimla in the Himalayas Rated the 5th best resort in Asia The Oberoi Rajvilas, Jaipur Rated No.1 hotel in Asia Rated 2nd best hotel in the World The Oberoi Udaivilas, Udaipur Rated No. 2 hotel in Asia Rated 4th best hotel in the World The Oberoi Amarvilas. Agra Rated No. 3 hotel in Asia Rated 6th best hotel in the World 3.1.3 SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS: 1. Natural and cultural diversity: India has a rich cultural heritage. The unity in diversity tag attracts most tourists. The coastlines, sunny beaches, backwaters of Kerala, snow capped Himalayas and the quiescent lakes are incredible. 2. Demand-supply gap: Indian hotel industry is facing a mismatch between the demand and supply of rooms leading to higher room rates and occupancy levels. With the privilege of hosting Commonwealth Games 2010 there is more demand of rooms in five star hotels. This has led to the rapid expansion of the sector. 3. Government support: The government has realized the importance of tourism and has proposed a budget of Rs. 540 crore for the development of the industry. The priority is being given to the development of the infrastructure and of new tourist destinations and circuits. The Department of Tourism (DOT) has already started the Incredible India campaign for the promotion of tourism in India. 4. Increase in the market share: Indias share in international tourism and hospitality market is expected to increase over the long-term. New budget and star hotels are being established. Moreover, foreign hospitality players are heading towards Indian markets. WEAKNESSES: 1.Poor support infrastructure: Though the government is taking necessary steps, many more things need to be done to improve the infrastructure. In 2003, the total expenditure made in this regard was US $150 billion in China compared to US$ 21 billion in India. 2. Slow implementation: The lack of adequate recognition for the tourism industry has been hampering its growth prospects. Whatever steps are being taken by the government are implemented at a slower pace. 3. Susceptible to political events: The internal security scenario and social unrest also hamper the foreign tourist arrival rates. OPPORTUNITIES: 1.Rising income: Owing to the rise in income levels, Indians have more spare money to spend, which is expected to enhance leisure tourism. 2. Open sky benefits: With the open sky policy, the travel and tourism industry has seen an increase in business. Increased airline activity has stimulated demand and has helped improve the infrastructure. It has benefited both international and domestic travels. THREATS: 1. Fluctuations in international tourist arrivals: The total dependency on foreign tourists can be risky, as there are wide fluctuations in international tourism. Domestic tourism needs to be given equal importance and measures should be taken to promote it. 2. Increasing competition: Several international majors like the Four Seasons, Shangri-La and Aman Resorts are entering the Indian markets. Two other groups the Carlson Group and the Marriott chain are also looking forward to join this race. This will increase the competition for the existing Indian hotel majors. CHALLENGES FOR HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY 1. Shortage of skilled employees: One of the greatest challenges plaguing the hospitality industry is the unavailability of quality workforce in different skill levels. The hospitality industry has failed to retain good professionals. 2. Retaining quality workforce: Retention of the workforce through training and development in the hotel industry is a problem and attrition levels are too high. One of the reasons for this is unattractive wage packages. Though there is boom in the service sector, most of the hotel management graduates are joining other sectors like retail and aviation. 3. Shortage of rooms: The hotel industry is facing heavy shortage of rooms. It is estimated that the current requirement is of 1,50,000 rooms. Though the new investment plan would add 53,000 rooms by 2011, the shortage will still persist. 4. Intense competition and image of India: The industry is witnessing heightened competition with the arrival of new players, new products and new systems. The competition from neighboring countries and negative perceptions about Indian tourism product constrains the growth of tourism. The image of India as a country overrun by poverty, political instability, safety concerns and diseases also harms the tourism industry. 5. Customer expectations: As India is emerging as a destination on the global travel map, expectations of customers are rising. The companies have to focus on customer loyalty and repeat purchases. 6. Manual back-end: Though most reputed chains have IT enabled systems for property management, reservations, etc., almost all the data which actually make the company work are filled in manual log books or are simply not tracked. 7. Human resource development: Some of the services required in the tourism and hotel industries are highly personalized, and no amount of automation can substitute for personal service providers. India is focusing more on white collar jobs than blue collar jobs. The shortage of blue collar employees will pose various threats to the industry. SWOT ANALYSIS OF MAJOR HOTELS: TAJ GROUP OF HOTELS: Strengths: The group has enormous power and strengths, which makes it the best and competitive, some of them are: It consists of 75 properties in 40 locations across India and 18 international hotels. Its stylish variety of hotels like; Taj exotica, Taj safari, The gateway hotels, Ginger hotels, Jivas spa etc. Its effective and efficient management techniques and staff. Its brand name. The presence of Taj Hotels, Resorts and Palaces in various countries like United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Dubai, Singapore, Australia, Japan, Russia and the United States of America. Securing management contracts at Palm Island, Jumeirah in Dubai, Saraya Islands in Ras Al Khaimah, Aldar Group in Abu Dhabi, UAE Langkawi in Malaysia and Thimpu in Bhutan. The various initiatives taken like; rollout of Customer Feedback System, Tata Business Excellence Model, IT initiatives, Ginger hotels etc. Weakness: Taj hotels being such a big brand, has a lot of advantages but every big company faces some odds and so does Taj. Some of its weakness; Its hard to maintain such a huge chain of subsidiaries and there are more chances of mishaps in management. Its huge competitors like Oberoi, Leela, Oriental, ITC etc are also providing same facilities and thus it becomes a weakness for Taj hotels. Its very costly for the Indians to afford the tariffs and service charges set by Taj hotels. Thus, they loose a major part of their market share. They need a lot of investment. As Taj hotels is a popular group, it is always in the eyes of the terrorists, as taj has already faced such an incident. Therefore, it proves to be a weakness some times, to be so popular. Opportunities: The Group is poised strategically to take advantage of the following situation: In the backdrop of a healthy economy having its positive fallouts on the Tourism Sector leading to rapid growth in markets in India, South Asia and key gateway cities in source-market destinations. Rapid expansion in both International and Domestic destinations, with top-of-the-line Luxury, Leisure and Business properties. Meeting growing demand in the budget and mid-market segments. Extending the product portfolio into related offerings viz. luxury residences, wildlife lodges and health spas. Threats: The threats identified by the Group are related mainly to the markets in which the Group operates and general factors related to the tourism industry. Significant among these are: Cheaper international airfares, increasing affordability of travel to International destinations, especially South East Asia, Europe and Australia. Growing presence of international hospitality chains competing in the Luxury and Business segments, to meet excess demand situation. Appreciating Indian Rupee vis-Ã  -vis the US Dollar, resulting in lower realisation on foreign exchange earnings. Slowdown of international demand resulting in reduction of revenues. OBEROI GROUP OF HOTELS: Strengths: Cost advantage Asset leverage Effective communication High RD Innovation Online growth Loyal customers Market share leadership Strong management team Strong brand equity Weaknesses: Bad communication Diseconomies to scale Over leveraged financial position Low RD Low market share No online presence Not innovative Not diversified Poor supply chain Weak management team Weak real estate Opportunities: Acquisitions Asset leverage Financial markets (raise money through debt, etc) Emerging markets and expansion abroad Innovation Online Product and services expansion Takeovers Threats: Competition Cheaper technology Economic slowdown External changes (government, politics, taxes, etc) Exchange rate fluctuations Lower cost competitors or imports Maturing categories, products, or services Price wars ITDC: STRENGTHS: One of the oldest five star hotels in India preferred by a vast number of tourists as well as localites. Amenities provided are state of the art and of very high quality. Staff is known to be very hospitable and supportive of their guests. Has the largest conference hall in India and hence its the most preferred conference hall for most of the important conferences held in India. Provides Privilege Card for their frequent guests which lure more number of people to become their regular customers. It has New Delhis most magnificent Banquet venue. The architecture is still considered as a benchmark to most of the buildings that are created today. WEAKNESSES: Prices are higher than other five star hotels in New Delhi. There have not been many changes in the building since the time that it has been set up. According to the guests the walls are dirty and the hallways are not maintained well which makes many of them think twice about coming back there. It is quite far away (15kms) from the international airport because of which many guest opt for hotels closer for their own convenience. They seem to rely on their past laurels and are not taking any new initiatives to satisfy their customers. 3.2 DEMOGRAPHICS OF BUYERS- MARKET SEGMENTATION: CLASSIFICATION OF HOTELS: Classification is based on many criteria and classifying hotels into different types is not an easy task. The hotel industry is so vast that many hotels do not fit into single well defined category. Industry can be classified in various ways, based on location, size of property etc. The main hotel chains of India are: The Taj Group of Hotels, the Oberoi Group and ITC Welcome group. Some of the international chains are Hyatt, Marriott, and Le Meridian etc. these properties have also come up in India now. 1. Based on Location City center: Generally located in the heart of city within a short distance from business centre, shopping arcade. Rates are normally high due to their location advantages. They have high traffic on weekdays and the occupancy is generally high. Motels: They are located primarily on highways, they provide lodging to highway travellers and also provide ample parking space. The length of stay is usually overnight. Suburban hotels: They are located in suburban areas, it generally have high traffic on weekend. It is ideal for budget travellers. In this type of hotel rates are moderately low. Airport hotels: These hotels are set up near by the airport. They have transit guest who stay over between flights. Resort hotels: They are also termed as health resort or beach hill resort and so depending on their position and location. They cater a person who wants to relax, enjoy themselves at hill station. Most resort work to full capacity during peak season. Sales and revenue fluctuate from season to season. Floating hotels: As name implies these hotels are established on luxury liners or ship. It is located on river, sea or big lakes. In cruise ships, rooms are generally small and all furniture is fixed down. It has long stay guest. Boatels: A house boat hotels is referred as boatels. The SHIKARAS of Kashmir and KETTUVALLAM of Kerala are houseboats in India which offers luxurious accommodation to travelers. Rotels: These novel variants are hotel on wheel. Our very own palace on wheels and Deccan Odessey are trains providing a luxurious hotel atmosphere. Their interior is done like hotel room. They are normally used by small group of travelers. 2. Based on Size of Property Small hotel: hotel with 100 rooms and less may be termed as small hotels. Medium sized hotel: hotel which has 100-300 rooms is known as medium sized hotel. Large hotels: hotel which have more than 300 rooms are termed as large hotels. Mega hotels: are those hotels with more than 1000 rooms. Chain hotels: these are the groups that have hotels in much number of locations in India and international venues. 3. Based on the Level of Service Economy/ Budget hotels: These hotels meet the basic need of the guest by providing comfortable and clean room for a comfortable stay. Mid market hotels: It is suite hotel that offers small living room with appropriate furniture and small bed room with king sized bed. Luxury hotels: These offer world class service providing restaurant and lounges, concierge service, meeting rooms, dining facilities. Bath linen is provided to the guest and is replaced accordingly. These guest rooms contains furnishing, artwork etc. prime market for these hotels are celebrities, business executives and high ranking political figures. Example: Hyatt Regency, New Delhi. 4. Based on the Length of Stay Transient Hotel: These are the hotel where guest stays for a day or even less, they are usually five star hotels. The occupancy rate is usually very high. These hotels are situated near airport. Residential hotels: These are the hotel where guest can stay for a minimum period of one month and up to a year. The rent can be paid on monthly or quarterly basis. They provide sitting room, bed room and kitchenette. Semi residential hotels: These hotels incorporate features of both transient and residential hotel. 5. Based on Theme Heritage hotel: In this hotel a guest is graciously welcomed, offered room that have their own history, serve traditional cuisine and are entertained by folk artist. These hotels put their best efforts to give the glimpse of their region. Example: Jai Mahal palace in Jaipur. Ecotels: these are environment friendly hotels these hotel use eco friendly items in the room. Example: Orchid Mumbai is Asia first and most popular five star Ecotels. Boutique hotels: This hotel provides exceptional accommodation, furniture in a themed and stylish manner and caters to corporate travelers. Example: In India the park Bangalore is a boutique hotel. Spas: is a resort which provide therapeutic bath and massage along with other features of luxury hotels in India Ananda spa in Himalaya are the most popular Spa. 6. Based on Target Market Commercial hotel: They are situated in the heart of the city in busy commercial areas so as to get good and high business. They cater mostly businessmen. Convention hotels: These hotels have large convention complex and cater to people attending a convention, conference. Example: Le meridien, Cochin, is a hotel with largest convention center in south India. Resort hotels: These leisure hotels are mainly for vacationers who want to relax and enjoy with their family. The occupancy varies as per season. The atmosphere is more relaxed. These are spread out in vast areas so many resorts have solar powered carts for the transport of guest. Suite hotels: These hotel offer rooms that may include compact kitchenette. They cater to people who are relocating act as like lawyers, executives who are away from home for a long business stay. Casino hotels: Hotel with predominantly gambling facilities comes under this category, they have guest room and food and operation too. These hotels tend to cater leisure and vacation travelers. Gambling activities at some casino hotels operate 24 hours a day and 365 days. Todays ways of booking make it difficult to identify the purpose of the trip. Segment by default the individual bookings for short midweek stays as business. Identify as leisure the booking of a double room over the week-end. As the new technology was developing, corporate travel departments, as well as the independent consumer, turned to travel agents to get the best discounts. As the GDS technology influenced booking and buying practices, additional segments were created, resulting in the following market segment model: Rack Rates: Without any affiliations to warrant discounts, the Rack Rated customer paid the published rate, which was the highest rate. Consortia Rates: This was the same customer who booked through a travel agent using the GDS and received a 5%-10% discount off Rack Rates. Corporate Rates: Having met the hotels qualifying criteria, such as volume, businesses were guaranteed discounted rates. Group Rates: With a block of rooms, rates varied based on time of year and the nature of the group. Weekend Rates: Individual leisure travelers, usually within a drive distance to the hotel. Promotional rates: These rates were originally used sparingly and used as a means to stimulate business by using discounted rates to anyone, regardless of affiliation. Domestic Consumer is the largest segment of the hotels motels industry in India accounting for 52.9% of the industrys total value. The domestic business segment accounts for a further 24.4% of the industry.